This paper analyses the main perceptions of capitalism and crises from a mainstream and heterodox perspective. Broadly defined within the neoclassical structure, the mainstream approaches support the idea of long-term stability of capitalism and describe crises as exogenous events. The heterodox perceptions, on the contrary, perceive crises as an internal feature of capitalism and propose to reframe the global economy within the limits of the socio-environmental systems. Despite the historical recurrence of crises, the neoclassic capitalist framework and the related mainstream perceptions are still dominating the international economic debate. Most of the crises have then been addressed with reforms oriented to adjust some elements of the system without changing the overall economic structure. On the contrary, limited numbers of initiatives have been implemented to reorganise the economy according to the heterodox perspectives. Within this context, further analysis would be needed to investigate the feasibility of the proposed heterodox solutions. By discussing the main perceptions of capitalism and crises and by considering the ethical implications of the mainstream and the heterodox approaches, the present paper contributes to the existing debate around stability of capitalism and provides a starting point for analysis oriented to investigate the feasibility of alternative economic structures.

中文翻译：

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资本主义与危机：主流和非正统观念及相关伦理考虑的比较分析

本文从主流和非正统的角度分析了对资本主义和危机的主要看法。在新古典主义结构中被广泛定义，主流方法支持资本主义长期稳定的想法，并将危机描述为外生事件。相反，非正统观念将危机视为资本主义的内在特征，并建议在社会环境系统的范围内重新构建全球经济。尽管危机在历史上反复出现，但新古典资本主义框架和相关的主流观念仍然主导着国际经济辩论。大多数危机随后通过旨在调整系统的某些要素而不改变整体经济结构的改革来解决。相反，根据非正统观点，实施了数量有限的举措来重组经济。在这种情况下，需要进一步分析来调查所提出的非正统解决方案的可行性。通过讨论对资本主义和危机的主要看法，并考虑主流和非正统方法的伦理含义，本文有助于围绕资本主义稳定性的现有辩论，并为旨在调查替代经济可行性的分析提供一个起点结构。