Green communications have always been a target for the information industry to alleviate energy overhead and reduce fossil fuel usage. In the current 5G and future 6G eras, there is no doubt that the volume of network infrastructure and the number of connected terminals will keep exponentially increasing, which results in the surging energy cost. It becomes growing important and urgent to drive the development of green communications. However, there is no doubt that 6G will have increasingly stringent and diversified requirements for Quality of Service (QoS), security, flexibility, and intelligence, all of which challenge the improvement of energy efficiency. Moreover, the dynamic energy harvesting process, which will be widely adopted in 6G, further complicates the power control and network management. To address these challenges and reduce human intervention, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been extensively recognized and acknowledged as the only solution. Academia and industry have conducted extensive research to alleviate energy demand, improve energy efficiency, and manage energy harvesting in various communication scenarios. In this paper, we present main considerations for green communications and survey related research on AI-based green communications. We focus on how AI techniques are adopted to manage networks and improve energy efficiency towards the green era. We analyze how Machine Learning (ML) techniques including state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) can cooperate with conventional AI methods and mathematical models to reduce the algorithm complexity and improve the accuracy rate in 6G. Finally, we discuss the existing problems and envision the open research issues of AI models towards green 6G.

中文翻译：

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迈向 6G 的绿色通信 AI 模型


绿色通信一直是信息产业减轻能源开销、减少化石燃料使用的目标。在当前的5G和未来的6G时代，毫无疑问，网络基础设施的数量和连接的终端数量将不断呈指数级增长，从而导致能源成本的飙升。推动绿色通信发展变得越来越重要和紧迫。但毫无疑问，6G对服务质量（QoS）、安全性、灵活性、智能性的要求将越来越严格和多样化，这些都对能源效率的提升提出了挑战。此外，6G中将广泛采用的动态能量收集过程使功率控制和网络管理进一步复杂化。为了应对这些挑战并减少人为干预，人工智能（AI）已被广泛认可并公认为唯一的解决方案。学术界和工业界进行了广泛的研究，以缓解能源需求、提高能源效率以及管理各种通信场景中的能量收集。在本文中，我们提出了绿色通信的主要考虑因素以及基于人工智能的绿色通信的相关研究调查。我们关注如何采用人工智能技术来管理网络并提高能源效率，迈向绿色时代。我们分析了包括最先进的深度学习 (DL) 在内的机器学习 (ML) 技术如何与传统的人工智能方法和数学模型配合，以降低算法复杂性并提高 6G 的准确率。最后，我们讨论了存在的问题并展望了面向绿色6G的AI模型的开放研究问题。