Reliable data collection techniques, whose aim is to ensure that sensed data are received successfully by a sink, are essential for applications in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). However, traditional data collection with Radio Frequency (RF) functions poorly in UWSNs due to peculiar features of underwater. Moreover, acoustic communication creates challenges for the reliability of data collection such as high bit error rate, packet collision and voids in routing. Furthermore, the deployment of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) in some scenarios changed the paradigm of data collection and introduced new issues that affect reliability such as inaccurate navigation and lengthy travel time. Consequently, numerous studies focus on the relative reliability of various currently available data collection in UWSNs. In this paper, we first review the problems specific to UWSNs and their impact on reliable data collection. It is followed by a discussion about characteristics, challenges, and features associated with the design of reliable techniques in UWSNs. Afterward, to provide readers with an overview of reliable data collection techniques in UWSNs, this paper categorizes them according to their ability to enhance reliability at all the key stages of data collection. In this categorization framework, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been in-depth discussed. Finally, several possible areas for further research are identified and discussed.

中文翻译：

---

水下无线传感器网络中的可靠数据收集技术：调查


可靠的数据收集技术的目的是确保接收器成功接收感测数据，这对于水下无线传感器网络 (UWSN) 的应用至关重要。然而，由于水下的特殊特征，传统的射频（RF）数据收集在UWSN中效果不佳。此外，声学通信给数据收集的可靠性带来了挑战，例如高误码率、数据包冲突和路由空白。此外，在某些场景中部署自主水下航行器（AUV）改变了数据收集的范式，并引入了影响可靠性的新问题，例如导航不准确和行驶时间过长。因此，大量研究关注 UWSN 中当前可用的各种数据收集的相对可靠性。在本文中，我们首先回顾了 UWSN 特有的问题及其对可靠数据收集的影响。接下来讨论了与 UWSN 中可靠技术设计相关的特征、挑战和功能。随后，为了向读者提供 UWSN 中可靠数据收集技术的概述，本文根据其在数据收集的所有关键阶段增强可靠性的能力对它们进行了分类。在此分类框架中，深入讨论了每种技术的优点和缺点。最后，确定并讨论了进一步研究的几个可能的领域。