With the proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, acoustic sensing attracts significant attention in recent years. It exploits acoustic transceivers such as microphones and speakers beyond their primary functions, namely recording and playing, to enable novel applications and new user experiences. In this paper, we present the first systematic survey on recent advances in ubiquitous acoustic sensing using commodity IoT hardware with a frequency range below 24 kHz. We propose a general framework that categorizes main building blocks of acoustic sensing systems. This framework encompasses three layers, i.e., device , core technique , and application . The device layer includes basic hardware components, acoustic platforms, as well as the air-borne and structure-borne channel characteristics. The core technique layer encompasses key mechanisms to generate acoustic signals (waveforms) and to extract useful temporal, spatial, and spectral information from received signals. The application layer builds upon the functions offered by the core techniques to realize different acoustic sensing applications. We highlight unique challenges due to the limitations of physical devices and acoustic channels and how they are mitigated or overcame by core processing techniques and application-specific solutions. Finally, research opportunities and future directions are discussed to spawn further in-depth investigation on IoT-enabled ubiquitous acoustic sensing.

中文翻译：

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商品物联网设备上的无处不在的声学传感：一项调查

随着物联网 (IoT) 设备的普及，声学传感近年来备受关注。它利用麦克风和扬声器等声学收发器超越其主要功能（即录音和播放），以实现新颖的应用程序和新的用户体验。在本文中，我们首次系统地调查了使用频率范围低于 24 kHz 的商品 IoT 硬件在无处不在的声学传感方面的最新进展。我们提出了一个通用框架，对声学传感系统的主要构建块进行分类。该框架包括三层，即设备 ，核心技术，和应用 。设备层包括基础硬件组件、声学平台，以及机载和结构信道特性。核心技术层包含生成声学信号（波形）和从接收到的信号中提取有用的时间、空间和频谱信息的关键机制。应用层建立在核心技术提供的功能之上，以实现不同的声学传感应用。我们强调了由于物理设备和声学通道的限制而带来的独特挑战，以及如何通过核心处理技术和特定应用解决方案来缓解或克服这些挑战。最后，讨论了研究机会和未来方向，以进一步深入研究支持物联网的无处不在的声学传感。