The development of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics methods was instrumental in the conception of the Human Cell Atlas initiative, which aims to generate an integrated map of all cells across the human body. These technology advances are bringing increasing depth and resolution to maps of human organs and tissues, as well as our understanding of individual human cell types. Commonalities as well as tissue-specific features of primary and supportive cell types across human organs are beginning to emerge from these human tissue maps. In this Review, we highlight key biological insights obtained from cross-tissue studies into epithelial, fibroblast, vascular and immune cells based on single-cell gene expression data in humans and contrast it with mechanisms reported in mice.

单细胞和空间转录组学方法的发展有助于人类细胞图谱计划的构想，该计划旨在生成人体所有细胞的综合图谱。这些技术进步正在为人体器官和组织的图谱带来更高的深度和分辨率，以及我们对个体人类细胞类型的理解。这些人体组织图开始显示人体器官中原代细胞和支持细胞类型的共性和组织特异性特征。在这篇综述中，我们强调了基于人类单细胞基因表达数据的上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、血管细胞和免疫细胞的跨组织研究中获得的关键生物学见解，并将其与小鼠中报道的机制进行对比。