Mycotoxins can cause body poisoning and induce carcinogenesis, often with a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek new targets that indicate mycotoxin activity and to diagnose and intervene in mycotoxin-induced diseases in their early stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are physiological regulators whose dysregulation is closely related to the development of diseases. They are thus important markers for the occurrence and development of diseases. In this review, consideration is given to the toxicological mechanisms associated with four major mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone). The roles that miRNAs play in these mechanisms and the interactions between them and their target genes are explained, and summarize the important role of histone modifications in their toxicity. As a result, the ways that miRNAs are regulated in the pathogenicity signaling pathways are revealed which highlights the roles played by miRNAs in preventing and controlling the harmful effects of the mycotoxins. It is hoped that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the damage caused by these mycotoxins.

中文翻译：

---

MicroRNA在体内外调控四种霉菌毒素的毒理机制

霉菌毒素可引起机体中毒并诱发癌变，死亡率往往很高。因此，寻找新的指示霉菌毒素活性的靶点，对霉菌毒素引起的疾病进行早期诊断和干预具有重要意义。微小RNA（miRNA）是生理调节剂，其失调与疾病的发展密切相关。因此，它们是疾病发生和发展的重要标志。在这篇综述中，考虑了与四种主要霉菌毒素（赭曲霉毒素 A、黄曲霉毒素 B1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮）相关的毒理学机制。解释了 miRNA 在这些机制中的作用以及它们与靶基因之间的相互作用，并总结了组蛋白修饰在其毒性中的重要作用。因此，揭示了 miRNA 在致病性信号通路中的调控方式，突出了 miRNA 在预防和控制真菌毒素的有害影响中所起的作用。希望本综述能够为防治这些霉菌毒素造成的危害提供理论依据。