Spiders are dominant predators in terrestrial ecosystems and feed on prey from the herbivore and detritivore subsystem (dual subsystem omnivory) as well as on other predators (intraguild predation). Little is known about how global change potentially affects the importance of different prey groups in predator diets. In this meta-analysis we identify the impact of climatic conditions, land-use types and functional traits of spider species on the relative importance of Hemiptera, Araneae and Collembola prey in spider diets. We use a dataset including 78 publications with 149 observational records of the diet composition of 96 spider species in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats in 24 countries worldwide. The importance of Hemiptera prey was not affected by climatic conditions and was particularily high in smaller spider species in agricultural habitats. Araneae prey was most important for actively hunting, larger spider species in non-agricultural habitats. Collembola prey was most important for small, actively hunting spider species in regions with higher temperature seasonality. Spider species with a higher importance of Araneae prey for their diet also had higher importances of Collembola and lower importances of Hemiptera prey. Future increases of temperature seasonality predicted for several regions worldwide may go along with an increasing importance of Collembola prey which also related to a higher importance of intraguild prey here. Two global change drivers predicted for many regions of the world (increasing climatic seasonality and ongoing conversion of non-agricultural to agricultural land) both hold the potential to increase the importance of Collembola prey in spider diets. The importance of Hemiptera and Araneae prey may however show contrasting responses to these two drivers. These complex potential effects of global change components and their impact on functional traits in spider communities highlight the importance to simultaneously consider multiple drivers of global change to better understand future predator–prey interactions.

中文翻译：

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气候条件和功能特征影响全球农业和非农业栖息地的蜘蛛饮食

蜘蛛是陆地生态系统中的主要捕食者，以食草动物和碎食动物子系统（双子系统杂食）以及其他捕食者（行会内捕食）为食。关于全球变化如何潜在地影响不同猎物群体在捕食者饮食中的重要性知之甚少。在这项荟萃分析中，我们确定了气候条件、土地利用类型和蜘蛛物种的功能特征对半翅目、蜘蛛目和跳虫在蜘蛛饮食中的相对重要性的影响。我们使用的数据集包括 78 篇出版物和 149 条关于全球 24 个国家的农业和非农业栖息地中 96 种蜘蛛的饮食组成的观察记录。半翅目猎物的重要性不受气候条件的影响，并且在农业栖息地中较小的蜘蛛物种中尤为重要。蛛科的猎物对于在非农业栖息地积极狩猎、大型蜘蛛物种最为重要。在温度季节性较高的地区，跳虫的猎物对于小型、积极狩猎的蜘蛛物种最为重要。蜘蛛纲的猎物对其饮食的重要性较高的蜘蛛物种对跳虫的重要性也较高，而半翅目猎物的重要性较低。预测全球多个地区未来温度季节性的增加可能伴随着跳虫猎物重要性的增加，这也与这里公会内猎物的重要性增加有关。对世界许多地区预测的两个全球变化驱动因素（气候季节性的增加和非农业土地向农业土地的持续转变）都有可能增加跳虫猎物在蜘蛛饮食中的重要性。然而，半翅目和蜘蛛纲猎物的重要性可能会对这两种驱动因素产生不同的反应。全球变化成分的这些复杂的潜在影响及其对蜘蛛群落功能特征的影响突出了同时考虑全球变化的多种驱动因素以更好地了解未来捕食者 - 猎物相互作用的重要性。然而，半翅目和蜘蛛纲猎物的重要性可能会对这两种驱动因素产生不同的反应。全球变化成分的这些复杂的潜在影响及其对蜘蛛群落功能特征的影响突出了同时考虑全球变化的多种驱动因素以更好地了解未来捕食者 - 猎物相互作用的重要性。然而，半翅目和蜘蛛纲猎物的重要性可能会对这两种驱动因素产生不同的反应。全球变化成分的这些复杂的潜在影响及其对蜘蛛群落功能特征的影响突出了同时考虑全球变化的多种驱动因素以更好地了解未来捕食者 - 猎物相互作用的重要性。