ABSTRACT

Environmental pollution has been a problem waiting for solutions worldwide in recent years. Pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), oil, and petroleum derivatives, may have long- and short-term environmental and health effects. Bee products are used as bioindicators to determine environmental pollution. In this work, 16 PAHs compounds were analyzed in honey samples from different Turkey regions by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). In this work, the modern extraction method (QuEChERS) was selective and sensitive enough to extract 16 PAHs from honey samples. High amounts of naphthalene (22.5 µg kg⁻¹), acenaphthylene (16.2 µg kg⁻¹), acenaphthene (17.3 µg kg⁻¹), fluorene (13.3 µg kg⁻¹), phenanthrene (14.5 µg kg⁻¹), fluoranthene (11.9 µg kg⁻¹), benzo(b)fluoranthene (12.6 µg kg⁻¹), benzo(k)fluoranthene (12.7 µg kg⁻¹), and benzo(a)pyrene (11.7 µg kg⁻¹) were detected. Besides, PAHs levels in the Marmara region were very high. The differences in PAHs content between honey from rural and urban areas could be related to atmospheric conditions such as exhaust gases, dust, and airborne particles or from soils in which the plants grow.

摘要

近年来，环境污染一直是世界范围内等待解决的问题。多环芳烃 (PAH)、石油和石油衍生物的污染可能会对环境和健康产生长期和短期影响。蜂产品被用作生物指标来确定环境污染。在这项工作中，采用气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC/MS/MS) 分析了来自土耳其不同地区的蜂蜜样品中的 16 种 PAHs 化合物。在这项工作中，现代提取方法 (QuEChERS) 的选择性和灵敏度足以从蜂蜜样品中提取 16 种 PAH。大量萘 (22.5 µg kg ^-1 )、苊 (16.2 µg kg ^-1 )、苊 (17.3 µg kg ^-1 )、芴 (13.3 µg kg ^-1)、菲(14.5 µg kg ^-1 )、荧蒽(11.9 µg kg ^-1 )、苯并(b)荧蒽(12.6 µg kg ^-1 )、苯并(k)荧蒽(12.7 µg kg ^-1 )和苯并(a ) 芘 (11.7 µg kg ^-1 ) 被检测到。此外，马尔马拉地区的 PAHs 水平非常高。来自农村和城市地区的蜂蜜之间 PAHs 含量的差异可能与大气条件有关，例如废气、灰尘和空气中的颗粒物或植物生长的土壤。