ABSTRACT

Controlled-release urea (CRU) and normal urea have been shown to improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice. However, the effects of combined fertilizers (CRU and normal urea, at different N ratios) on rice yield, temperature and solar radiation utilization efficiency (TSRUE) and NUEs remain unclear. In this study, CRU with release periods of 60 days and 100 days were mixed with urea at N ratios of 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6 and 3:7 and applied during the rice-growing season in a rice-wheat cropping system. Rice yield, dry matter accumulation (DMA), TSRUE and NUEs were investigated. The yields under one-time fertilization mode 2 (OFM2) and OFM8 were 5.36%-9.70% higher than that of farmer fertilization practices (FFP) on average across 2018 and 2019. The NUEs under OFM2 and OFM8 was 3.87%-35.56% and 6.26%-58.56% higher than that under FFP, respectively, across 2018 and 2019. Correlation analysis showed that TSRUE were significantly positively correlated with yield, DMA and NUEs. The higher TSRUE under OFM2 and OFM8 contributed to the synergistic improvement of yield and NUEs. Both OFM2 and OFM8 improved rice yields and NUEs compared to FFP while having lower fertilizer and labor costs; therefore, these treatments are worthy of promotion and application.

摘要

控释尿素 (CRU) 和普通尿素已被证明可以提高水稻的产量和氮利用效率 (NUE)。然而，复合肥料（CRU 和普通尿素，不同 N 比例）对水稻产量、温度和太阳辐射利用效率（TSRUE）和 NUE 的影响仍不清楚。本研究将释放期为 60 天和 100 天的 CRU 与尿素以 7:3、6:4、5:5、4:6 和 3:7 的 N 比例混合，并在水稻生长季节施用稻麦种植制度。研究了水稻产量、干物质积累 (DMA)、TSRUE 和 NUE。2018年和2019年一次性施肥方式2（OFM2）和OFM8下的产量平均比农民施肥方式（FFP）高5.36%-9.70%。OFM2和OFM8下的NUE分别为3.87%-35.56%和比FFP下高6.26%-58.56%，分别在 2018 年和 2019 年。相关性分析表明，TSRUE 与产量、DMA 和 NUE 呈显着正相关。OFM2 和 OFM8 下较高的 TSRUE 有助于产量和 NUE 的协同提高。与 FFP 相比，OFM2 和 OFM8 均提高了水稻产量和 NUE，同时降低了肥料和劳动力成本；因此，这些治疗方法值得推广应用。