Despite the extensive interest in open-minded discussion in organizations, inconsistencies regarding its antecedents and consequences remain. Drawing upon cooperation and competition theory, we propose a theoretical framework of open-minded discussion. On the basis of 114 primary studies (128 independent samples), a meta-analytic investigation showed that cooperative goal interdependence was positively associated with open-minded discussion, which in turn was positively related to desirable work outcomes, including performance, creativity, relationship quality, LMX, and commitment, whereas competitive and independent goal interdependence were negatively related to open-minded discussion and desirable outcomes. We also explored three moderators: culture (i.e., East Asian cultures and North American cultures), level of analysis (i.e., incident, individual, and team level), and research area (i.e., goal interdependence and conflict management). Results support the theorizing that cooperative goal interdependence develops mutual benefit motivation and integrative conflict management that in turn lead to open-mindedness where collaborators combine their best ideas that result in high quality contributions to organizations. Through the meta-analysis, we offer a more stringent test of cooperation and competition theory and expand the research on open-minded discussion in organizations across various contexts.

尽管组织中​​对开诚布公的讨论有广泛的兴趣，但关于其前因和后果的不一致仍然存在。借鉴合作与竞争理论，我们提出了一个开放式讨论的理论框架。在 114 项初步研究（128 个独立样本）的基础上，一项元分析调查表明，合作目标相互依赖与开放式讨论呈正相关，而开放式讨论又与理想的工作成果（包括绩效、创造力、关系质量）呈正相关、LMX 和承诺，而竞争和独立目标相互依赖与开放式讨论和理想结果呈负相关。我们还探讨了三个调节因素：文化（即东亚文化和北美文化）、分析水平（即事件、个人和团队层面）和研究领域（即目标相互依赖和冲突管理）。结果支持这样的理论，即合作目标相互依存发展互利动机和综合冲突管理，进而导致开放的思想，合作者将他们的最佳想法结合起来，从而为组织做出高质量的贡献。通过元分析，我们对合作和竞争理论进行了更严格的检验，并扩大了对不同背景下组织中开放式讨论的研究。结果支持这样的理论，即合作目标相互依存发展互利动机和综合冲突管理，进而导致开放的思想，合作者将他们的最佳想法结合起来，从而为组织做出高质量的贡献。通过元分析，我们对合作和竞争理论进行了更严格的检验，并扩大了对不同背景下组织中开放式讨论的研究。结果支持这样的理论，即合作目标相互依存发展互利动机和综合冲突管理，进而导致开放的思想，合作者将他们的最佳想法结合起来，从而为组织做出高质量的贡献。通过元分析，我们对合作和竞争理论进行了更严格的检验，并扩大了对不同背景下组织中开放式讨论的研究。