Abstract

The deep penetration of crystal chemistry and physics of minerals into mineralogy, as well as the introduction of modern physical methods, has advanced mineralogical research to a qualitatively new level. Having yielded progress in the knowledge of the composition and properties of minerals, they have somewhat displaced mineralogy from solving its fundamental tasks, i.e., establishing mineralogical patterns. Numerous effective genetic interpretations have been made by new methods, but ignorance of the laws of mineral anatomy and ontogeny have resulted in many errors. Insufficient attention to the study of zoning, sectorality, micro- and nanoinclusions, and grain boundaries of mineral individuals precludes obtaining important information reflecting a mineral’s development, alteration, and relationships with other minerals, and calls into question the reliability of the conclusions. It is necessary to discuss again the rules for obtaining and using mineralogenetic information and the place and sequence of mineralogical research in solving of petro- and ore genesis problems. Petro- and ore genesis processes occur in wide thermodynamic and spatiotemporal ranges, which leads to the appearance of mineral generations, stages, and phasing reflected in the compositional and structural features of mineral individuals and aggregates. The rational study of minerals in solving genetic problems can be represented as a multistage process of establishing the sequence of mineral formation, identifying their indicator parameters, geochronological dating, and reconstruction of the petro- and ore genesis conditions. When determining the range of indicator minerals, it is important to take into account their place in the geological evolution of the studied object. The most important requirement for sampling indicator minerals and geochronometers is that their properties should match the specific parameters of the studied object or process. This is a prerequisite for reliable interpretation of genetic information obtained in mineralogical studies. The effective use of indicator properties of mineral individuals and aggregates for solving genetic tasks is possible only in the case of a systematic approach to studying objects, as well as accurate spatial and temporal referencing of the determined parameters, the reliability of which is yielded by ontogenetic analysis with detailed study of the structure of individuals and aggregates. Only knowledge of minerogenetic laws, ontogeny methods, and the feasible sequence of their application in mineral studies will allow the results obtained to be used effectively in correlating rocks, determining the genetic and formation types of mineralization, as indicators of its scale, stage, etc.

中文翻译：

---

矿物学研究和矿物学信息在解决石油和矿石成因问题中的应用

摘要

矿物晶体化学和物理对矿物学的深入渗透，以及现代物理方法的引入，使矿物学研究达到了一个质的新水平。在矿物成分和性质的知识方面取得了进展，它们在一定程度上使矿物学无法解决其基本任务，即建立矿物学模式。新方法已经做出了许多有效的遗传解释，但对矿物解剖学和个体发育规律的无知导致了许多错误。对矿物个体的分区、部门、微米和纳米夹杂物和晶界的研究不够重视，妨碍了获得反映矿物发展、变化以及与其他矿物关系的重要信息，并质疑结论的可靠性。有必要再次讨论成矿信息的获取和利用规律以及矿物学研究在解决石油成因问题中的位置和顺序。岩石和矿石的成因过程发生在广泛的热力学和时空范围内，这导致矿物生成、阶段和阶段的出现，反映在矿物个体和聚集体的组成和结构特征中。矿物在解决成因问题中的理性研究可以表现为一个多阶段的过程，即确定矿物形成的顺序、确定其指示参数、年代学定年以及重建石油和矿石的成因条件。在确定指示矿物的范围时，重要的是要考虑到它们在研究对象的地质演化中的位置。对取样指示矿物和地质年代计最重要的要求是它们的性质应与研究对象或过程的特定参数相匹配。这是对矿物学研究中获得的遗传信息进行可靠解释的先决条件。只有在研究对象的系统方法以及确定参数的准确空间和时间参考的情况下，才能有效利用矿物个体和聚集体的指示特性来解决遗传任务，其可靠性由个体发育产生分析，详细研究个体和集合的结构。只有成矿规律、个体发育方法的知识，