Squamate reptiles exhibit two reproductive modes: oviparity and viviparity. Existing large-scale studies suggest that viviparous species are more vulnerable to climate warming based on viviparous species occupying relatively colder environments, which are predicted to decline in availability under climate warming. However, oviparous and viviparous squamates are geographically widespread and their distributions often overlap. Are oviparous or viviparous squamates more vulnerable to climate warming when they inhabit similar thermal environments? We used Sceloporus lizards in North America as a model system to predict the impact of climate warming on oviparous and viviparous species in sympatric zones. We used mechanistic models to quantify the changes in maternal energy balance (MEB) and offspring energy balance (OEB) under a climate warming scenario. We then projected the fitness impacts of future climate warming based on estimates of MEB and OEB. Under a climate warming scenario (RCP8.5), oviparous females are predicted to increase reproductive frequency more than viviparous females, which restricts time for postpartum energy accumulation before the end of the season and decreases MEB. Under climate warming, OEB of oviparous species increased more than viviparous species, but the increases were less geographically widespread. Interestingly, the developmental success and OEB of oviparous species are predicted to decline at some sites under climate warming, which is not predicted to happen for viviparous species. Our results highlight that oviparous species will respond more variably to climate warming than viviparous species. More specifically, oviparous species in hot areas with high temperature variation may be especially vulnerable under climate warming compared to sympatric viviparous species.

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对生殖能量的可变影响可能使卵生有鳞动物比胎生物种更容易受到气候变暖的影响

有鳞爬行动物表现出两种生殖方式：卵生和胎生。现有的大规模研究表明，基于胎生物种占据相对较冷的环境，胎生物种更容易受到气候变暖的影响，预计在气候变暖的情况下，这些物种的可用性会下降。然而，卵生和胎生有鳞动物在地理上分布广泛，并且它们的分布经常重叠。当卵生或胎生有鳞类动物居住在类似的热环境中时，它们更容易受到气候变暖的影响吗？我们使用了 Sceloporus北美蜥蜴作为模型系统预测气候变暖对同域卵生和胎生物种的影响。我们使用机械模型来量化气候变暖情景下母体能量平衡 (MEB) 和后代能量平衡 (OEB) 的变化。然后，我们根据 MEB 和 OEB 的估计预测未来气候变暖对健康的影响。在气候变暖情景（RCP8.5）下，预计卵生雌性比胎生雌性增加生殖频率更多，这限制了产后能量在季节结束前积累的时间并降低 MEB。在气候变暖的情况下，卵生物种的 OEB 比胎生物种增加得更多，但这种增加在地理上的分布范围较小。有趣的是，在气候变暖的情况下，预计某些地点的卵生物种的发育成功率和 OEB 会下降，而预计卵生物种不会发生这种情况。我们的研究结果强调，与胎生物种相比，卵生物种对气候变暖的反应更加多样。更具体地说，与同域的胎生物种相比，在气候变暖的情况下，高温地区的卵生物种可能特别脆弱。