Aquatic Ecology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s10452-022-09951-z Jianfan Sun 1, 2 , Qaiser Javed 1, 2 , Ahmad Azeem 1, 2 , Adeel Abbas 1 , Babar Iqbal 1 , Yuhan He 1 , Yan Xiang 1 , Daolin Du 1, 2, 3 , Yizhou Du 4
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Climate changes and artificial disturbance in riparian wetlands commonly increase the flooding and nitrogen enrichment in those zones. Functional traits were considered as a potential target for researchers to identify the fitness advantage of invasive species in their habitats. This study aimed to examine the effects of flooding level and N-enrichment on a worldwide noxious invasive weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, and its congener native, Alternanthera sessilis (L.). An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at which ramets of both species were treated with two flooding levels (F1: 12 cm and F2: 24 cm) combined with three nitrogen (N) concentrations applied with Hoagland solution as 0.21 mg/L (control, Ck), 21 mg/L (N1), and 210 mg/L (N2) under mono- and mixed-culture. This study exhibited that the flooding with increased N concentration (at N2) severely inhibited the growth of native A. sessilis under mixed-culture. In contrast, increased N concentration (at N2) under both mono- and mixed-culture under flooding produced higher biomass of A. philoxeroides. A. philoxeroides also expressed higher phenotypic plasticity and positive relative interaction by enhancing its leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen. Therefore, our results conclude that high N-concentrations in water could facilitate the A. philoxeroides to adapt flooding over A. sessilis.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
侵入性空心莲子草在高氮洪水下比本地人具有性能优势
河岸湿地的气候变化和人为干扰通常会增加这些区域的洪水和氮富集。功能特征被认为是研究人员确定入侵物种在其栖息地的适应性优势的潜在目标。本研究旨在检查洪水水位和富氮对全球有害侵入性杂草空心莲子草(Mart.) Griseb 及其同系原生物 Alternanthera sessilis的影响（左）。在温室中进行了一项实验，在温室中，两种物种的分株均采用两种洪水水平（F1：12 厘米和 F2：24 厘米）结合使用 Hoagland 溶液的三种氮 (N) 浓度为 0.21 mg/L（对照, Ck)、21 mg/L (N1) 和 210 mg/L (N2) 在单一和混合培养条件下。这项研究表明，随着氮浓度的增加（在 N2 下）的洪水严重抑制了混合培养下原生A. sessilis的生长。相比之下，在洪水下单一和混合培养下增加的 N 浓度（在 N2 下）产生了更高的空心莲子草生物量。空心莲子还通过增强其叶绿素和叶氮表现出更高的表型可塑性和正相关相互作用。因此，我们的结果得出结论，水中的高 N 浓度可以促进空心莲子草适应A. sessilis的洪水。
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