This article reveals how the beginning of US Reconstruction precipitated a revolutionary crisis in Cuba and Brazil, the last two slave societies in the Atlantic World. Throughout the US Civil War, slave-owners in Cuba and Brazil faced the immense challenge of containing black revolutionary currents across the Atlantic. Despite their intensive policing of black transnational networks, many slaves in Cuba and Brazil learned of the Civil War and became convinced that it heralded their emancipation. In response, they walked off plantations, fled to maroon communities, and organized and launched revolts. Although the scale of this insurrectionary violence never reached the same heights as in the Confederacy, the beginning of Reconstruction transformed the political implications of slave rebellion across the hemisphere. The fall of the Confederacy forced slave-owners in Cuba and Brazil to confront the possibility of their violent destruction at the same moment that the apparent radicalization of Republican politics stirred fears of US support for an international slave insurrection. It was in this context that many white elites in both nations became convinced of the necessity for a gradual abolition measure, which they hoped would ensure subaltern loyalty at a moment when revolutionary violence threatened the future of slavery.

中文翻译：

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“有奴隶的国家的总起义”：美国内战和大西洋革命的起源，1861-1866

本文揭示了美国重建的开始如何在大西洋世界最后两个奴隶社会古巴和巴西引发革命危机。在整个美国内战期间，古巴和巴西的奴隶主面临着遏制横跨大西洋的黑人革命潮流的巨大挑战。尽管他们对黑人跨国网络进行了严格的监管，但古巴和巴西的许多奴隶还是了解到内战，并坚信内战预示着他们的解放。作为回应，他们离开种植园，逃到栗色社区，并组织并发动了起义。尽管这种起义暴力的规模从未达到与邦联相同的高度，但重建的开始改变了整个半球奴隶叛乱的政治影响。同盟国的垮台迫使古巴和巴西的奴隶主面对暴力摧毁他们的可能性，与此同时，共和党政治的明显激进化引发了人们对美国支持国际奴隶起义的担忧。正是在这种背景下，两国的许多白人精英开始相信有必要采取逐步废除的措施，他们希望在革命暴力威胁到奴隶制的未来的时刻，这能确保下层的忠诚。