Cnodocentron has a disjunct Laurasian distribution, with species in South-East Asia and the New World. It is divided into two subgenera: Cnodocentron and Caenocentron. Here, we infer the evolutionary history of the genus through phylogenetic and biogeographic data combining COI and 46 morphological characters. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence-time estimation were simultaneously inferred through Bayesian inference. The dating analysis was performed through relaxed morphological and molecular clocks. The historical biogeography was investigated using the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model. Our results indicate the polyphyly of the genus Cnodocentron, with each subgenus being more related to other genera than to each other. Therefore, the subgenus Caenocentron is elevated to genus status here. The biogeographical analysis showed that the Oriental Cnodocentron diverged in the Indian subcontinent during the Middle Eocene, while the New World Caenocentron stat. nov. originated in the Chortis Block in the Late Eocene. The dispersal of Caenocentron to South America occurred only after the Late Miocene, around 10 Mya. Additionally, we provide a revision of Caenocentron, with an identification key and description of the male and female of two new species from Costa Rica: Caenocentron carlosdelarosai sp. nov. and Caenocentron rafamoralesi sp. nov..

中文翻译：

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系统发育表明 Cnodocentron (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae) 的多系：生物地理学和新世界物种的修订 (Caenocentron)

Cnodocentron 有一个分离的劳亚分布，在东南亚和新世界有物种。它分为两个亚属：Cnodocentron 和 Caenocentron。在这里，我们通过结合COI和46个形态特征的系统发育和生物地理数据来推断该属的进化历史。通过贝叶斯推理同时推断系统发育关系和发散时间估计。测年分析是通过宽松的形态和分子钟进行的。使用扩散-灭绝-进化枝模型研究历史生物地理学。我们的结果表明 Cnodocentron 属的多系性，每个亚属与其他属的相关性比彼此之间的相关性更高。因此，Caenocentron 亚属在这里被提升为属状态。生物地理学分析表明，在中始新世期间，印度次大陆的东方 Cnodocentron 发生了分歧，而新世界 Caenocentron stat. 十一月 起源于晚始新世的 Chortis 地块。Caenocentron 向南美洲的扩散仅发生在晚中新世之后，大约 10 Mya。此外，我们还提供了对 Caenocentron 的修订，其中包含来自哥斯达黎加的两个新物种的雄性和雌性的识别键和描述：Caenocentron carlosdelarosai sp。十一月 和 Caenocentron rafamoralesi sp。十一月.. 我们提供了对 Caenocentron 的修订，其中包含来自哥斯达黎加的两个新物种的雄性和雌性的识别键和描述：Caenocentron carlosdelarosai sp。十一月 和 Caenocentron rafamoralesi sp。十一月.. 我们提供了对 Caenocentron 的修订，其中包含来自哥斯达黎加的两个新物种的雄性和雌性的识别键和描述：Caenocentron carlosdelarosai sp。十一月 和 Caenocentron rafamoralesi sp。十一月..