Academics have different motivations for external engagement, including to acquire external resources for research (research advancement motivation), to contribute to society (prosocial motivation), or to acquire monetary benefits (pecuniary motivation). Universities also have varying policies for rewarding external engagement. This paper examines the relationship between academics’ motivations for engaging, their perceptions of the fairness of their universities’ policies, and their actual level of external engagement. Most academics consider contributing to the betterment of society as the most important reason for engagement, followed by the advancement of their research. Conversely, few academics consider obtaining personal income to be important. The perceived importance of all three motivations is positively associated with actual engagement behavior. Notably, the strength of research advancement motivation is more closely associated with external engagement than the strength of pecuniary motivation. However, perceptions of organizational fairness are not related to external engagement.

中文翻译：

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是什么激发了学者的外部参与？探索激励驱动因素和组织公平的影响

学术界有不同的外部参与动机，包括为研究获取外部资源（研究推进动机）、为社会做出贡献（亲社会动机）或获得金钱利益（金钱动机）。大学也有不同的奖励外部参与的政策。本文研究了学者参与的动机、他们对大学政策公平性的看法以及他们的实际外部参与水平之间的关系。大多数学者认为为改善社会做出贡献是参与的最重要原因，其次是推动他们的研究。相反，很少有学者认为获得个人收入很重要。所有三种动机的感知重要性都与实际参与行为呈正相关。值得注意的是，研究推进动机的强度与外部参与的关系比金钱动机的强度更密切。然而，对组织公平的看法与外部参与无关。