This article examines the ongoing dispute over the presidency of Venezuela as a case study on the state of international law relating to the recognition of governments. Since the beginning of the presidential deadlock in Venezuela in 2019, ICSID tribunals and ad hoc Committees, as well as the courts of England and Wales, have found themselves embroiled in the dispute over the Venezuelan presidency between the rival Maduro and Guaidó administrations. ICSID tribunals and committees have had to determine whose legal representatives are entitled to represent Venezuela in proceedings before them, while the English courts have been called upon to determine which administration has control over Venezuelan gold and other assets held in the UK. These disputes have brought renewed arbitral and judicial attention to the concepts of ‘effective control’ and recognition. This article examines how each of the courts and tribunals has addressed these concepts, and what their decisions tell us about the legal consequences of recognition as a matter of international and domestic law.

中文翻译：

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承认一国政府问题的法律后果和方法：涉及委内瑞拉的争端

本文以关于承认政府的国际法状况的案例研究，探讨了关于委内瑞拉总统职位的持续争议。自 2019 年委内瑞拉总统陷入僵局以来，ICSID 法庭和特设委员会以及英格兰和威尔士的法院发现自己卷入了竞争对手马杜罗和瓜伊多政府之间关于委内瑞拉总统职位的争端。ICSID 法庭和委员会必须确定哪些法律代表有权代表委内瑞拉参与其诉讼程序，而英国法院则被要求确定哪个政府对委内瑞拉的黄金和在英国持有的其他资产拥有控制权。这些争议使仲裁和司法重新关注“有效控制”和承认的概念。本文探讨了每个法院和法庭如何处理这些概念，以及他们的决定告诉我们承认作为国际和国内法事项的法律后果。