This article explores whether and how innovation policies promote transitions to more sustainable configurations in socio-technical systems. Empirically it departs from an analysis of the bioeconomy policy strategies and instruments in four Nordic countries. The analysis highlights that while a transformative approach is present at the policy strategy level in the Nordic countries, the bioeconomy policy instruments implemented are significantly less transformative. The article argues that a bioeconomy transition that contributes to sustainable development will require a redirection of policies towards transformative failures (directionality, policy coordination, demand articulation, and reflexivity). In this regard, it is important that policymakers experiment with and explore ways of balancing between traditional market and innovation system approaches and new policy approaches for transformative change.

中文翻译：

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说走就走？释放北欧生物经济变革潜力的创新政策方法

本文探讨了创新政策是否以及如何促进社会技术系统向更可持续配置的转变。从经验上看，它偏离了对四个北欧国家生物经济政策战略和工具的分析。分析强调，虽然北欧国家的政策战略层面存在变革性方法，但实施的生物经济政策工具的变革性明显较低。本文认为，有助于可持续发展的生物经济转型将需要将政策重新导向转型失败（方向性、政策协调、需求表达和反思性）。在这方面，