Stress is a significant practical problem in modern workplaces. According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), more than half of all working days lost to ill health each year are attributed to stress, depression or anxiety. This article offers an overview of the occupational psychology literature on workplace stress, focussing on the job demands–resources or JD-R model, developed by Demerouti et al., and highlighting two important points: first, that stress at work is not just about excessive job ‘demands’ but also about inadequate ‘resources’ to cope with those demands; second, that stress-related ill-health is not just a matter of vulnerability on the part of the individual worker, but is also about the way in which the workplace is organised. The article then draws on these insights to offer a critique of the way in which health and safety law and tort law approach workplace stress, arguing that both bodies of law are overly focussed on treating stress as a matter of individual vulnerability. It concludes by drawing out some broader implications of the occupational psychology literature for areas of employment law less obviously related to workplace stress, and for casual or platform working.

中文翻译：

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工作压力：个人还是结构？

压力是现代工作场所中一个重要的实际问题。根据健康与安全执行官 (HSE) 的说法，每年因健康不佳而损失的工作日中，有一半以上归因于压力、抑郁或焦虑。本文概述了有关工作场所压力的职业心理学文献，重点关注由 Demerouti 等人开发的工作需求 - 资源或 JD-R 模型，并强调两个要点：首先，工作压力不仅仅是过度的工作“需求”，以及应对这些需求的“资源”不足；其次，与压力相关的健康不良不仅仅是个体工人的脆弱性问题，还与工作场所的组织方式有关。然后，文章利用这些见解对健康和安全法以及侵权法处理工作场所压力的方式提出了批评，认为这两个法律体系都过分关注将压力视为个人脆弱性的问题。最后，它总结了职业心理学文献对与工作压力不太明显相关的就业法领域以及临时或平台工作的一些更广泛的影响。