Between-individuals variation in neural responses to errors and rewards is associated with the degree of risk for developing depression and anxiety, but not all individuals with perturbations in systems that generate these responses go on to develop symptoms. We propose that exposure to stressful life events may determine when these individual differences in neural responses to errors and rewards result in anxiety or depression. In this article, we review key findings and discuss limitations and questions in research on how stressors interact with reward and error processing to predict the development of symptoms. We conclude by outlining future research directions.

个体对错误和奖励的神经反应的差异与发展为抑郁和焦虑的风险程度相关，但并非所有在产生这些反应的系统中受到干扰的个体都会继续出现症状。我们提出，暴露于压力性生活事件可能会决定这些个体对错误和奖励的神经反应的差异何时会导致焦虑或抑郁。在本文中，我们回顾了主要发现并讨论了压力源如何与奖励和错误处理相互作用以预测症状发展的研究中的局限性和问题。最后，我们概述了未来的研究方向。