Several deep revisions of Freud’s theory of the drives are proposed: (1) Drives are conscious and are in fact the source of all consciousness. (2) Drive energy is equated with variational free energy and is therefore quantifiable in principle. (3) There are not two drives but many, seven of which may be described as “emotional” as opposed to “bodily” drives. (4) All drives are self-preservative or preservative of the species; there is no death drive at work in the mind. This means, at the mechanistic level, that all drives are homeostatic and anti-entropic. (5) The great task of mental development is to supplement instinctual predictions about how our multiple drive demands may be met and reconciled with each other. This work is done by learning from experience, mainly through voluntary behavior, which is governed by conscious feelings.

对弗洛伊德的驱力理论提出了几个深刻的修正：（1）驱力是有意识的，并且实际上是所有意识的源泉。(2) 驱动能等同于变分自由能，因此原则上是可以量化的。(3) 驱动力不是两种，而是很多，其中有七种可以被描述为“情感”驱动力，而不是“身体”驱动力。(4) 所有驱动力都是自我保护或保护物种的；头脑中没有死亡驱力在起作用。这意味着，在机械层面上，所有驱动力都是稳态和反熵的。(5) 心理发展的伟大任务是补充关于如何满足我们的多重驱动需求并相互协调的本能预测。这项工作是通过从经验中学习来完成的，主要是通过自愿行为，这是由有意识的感觉支配的。