More than a hundred years into our field’s development, examining Freud’s place in psychoanalytic education is timely. What authority does he hold for psychoanalysts in 2021? Is he still the architect, or overseer, of psychoanalysis? Freud has been a metonym for psychoanalysis, yet the history of Freud’s identification with the totality of psychoanalysis has had important unfortunate consequences. Negative aspects of this identification subtly linger, interfering in our collective appreciation of post-Freudian theoretical innovations. Too much of psychoanalysis has been “bought at the company store” of Freud’s ideas. Though part of this problem is created by idealizations of Freud, much of it stems from Freud’s precocious emphasis on psychoanalytic findings within his tripartite definition of psychoanalysis. As a result, many of his theoretical accounts were taken prematurely as definitive building blocks for a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory, when in fact they were only provisional formulations. Presently, portions of Freud’s theories are silently withering on the psychoanalytic vine. Data from the PEP-Web archive reveal the declining use of a set of once important, closely linked conceptions—Freud’s psychosexual theory and his characterology—and illustrate the kinds of Freudian ideas that have lost their usefulness. The indispensable and enduring elements in his work are identified.

在我们这个领域发展一百多年后，检验弗洛伊德在精神分析教育中的地位是及时的。2021 年，他对精神分析学家有何权威？他还是精神分析的建筑师或监督者吗？弗洛伊德一直是精神分析的转喻，但弗洛伊德认同精神分析整体的历史却产生了重要的不幸后果。这种认同的消极方面微妙地挥之不去，干扰了我们对后弗洛伊德理论创新的集体评价。弗洛伊德的思想“在公司商店购买”了太多的精神分析。尽管这个问题的一部分是由弗洛伊德的理想化造成的，但大部分源于弗洛伊德在他对精神分析的三方定义中过早地强调精神分析的发现。因此，他的许多理论说明被过早地视为综合精神分析理论的确定性基石，而实际上它们只是临时提法。目前，弗洛伊德的部分理论在精神分析的藤蔓上悄然枯萎。来自 PEP-Web 档案的数据揭示了一组曾经重要的、密切相关的概念——弗洛伊德的性心理理论和他的性格学——的使用正在减少，并说明了已经失去用处的弗洛伊德思想的种类。确定了他作品中不可或缺的和持久的元素。来自 PEP-Web 档案的数据揭示了一组曾经重要的、密切相关的概念——弗洛伊德的性心理理论和他的性格学——的使用正在减少，并说明了已经失去用处的弗洛伊德思想的种类。确定了他作品中不可或缺的和持久的元素。来自 PEP-Web 档案的数据揭示了一组曾经重要的、密切相关的概念——弗洛伊德的性心理理论和他的性格学——的使用正在减少，并说明了已经失去用处的弗洛伊德思想的种类。确定了他作品中不可或缺的和持久的元素。