Our study bridges literatures on the health effects of job loss and life course employment trajectories to evaluate the selection into employment pathways and their associations with health in the short and medium terms. We apply sequence analysis to monthly employment calendars from a population-based sample of working-age women and men observed from 2009 to 2013 (N = 737). We identify six distinct employment status clusters: stable full-time employment, stable part-time employment, stably being out of the labor force, long-term unemployment, transition out of the labor force, and unstable full-time employment. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and health at baseline, those who transitioned out of the labor force showed significantly poorer self-rated health at follow-up, whereas steadily part-time employed respondents still showed a greater risk of meeting criteria for major or minor depression. The findings have important implications for how social scientists conceptualize and model the relationship between employment status and health.

我们的研究将失业对健康影响和生命历程就业轨迹的文献联系起来，以评估就业途径的选择及其与健康的中短期关系。我们对 2009 年至 2013 年期间观察到的工作年龄女性和男性的人口样本（N = 737）进行了每月就业日历的序列分析。我们确定了六个不同的就业状态集群：稳定的全职就业、稳定的兼职就业、稳定地脱离劳动力队伍、长期失业、脱离劳动力队伍和不稳定的全职就业。在对基线的社会人口特征和健康状况进行调整后，那些退出劳动力市场的人在随访中表现出明显较差的自评健康状况，而稳定兼职就业的受访者仍然表现出更大的符合重度或轻度抑郁症标准的风险。这些发现对于社会科学家如何概念化和建模就业状况与健康之间的关系具有重要意义。