OBJECTIVE Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a dysexecutive syndrome reflected in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral areas. Independently of a formal diagnosis of ADHD, higher ADHD symptoms are associated with higher levels of insomnia and sleepiness symptoms in adult population-based samples. Insomnia and sleepiness are sleep disorders that are both associated with deficits in several aspects of executive functions which in turn are likely to mimic a range of ADHD symptoms. Our objective was to explore the interrelationships between ADHD, insomnia, and sleepiness symptoms and executive functioning in community-dwelling adults. METHOD A total of 442 participants (18-89 years, 56% females) underwent a semistructured clinical interview and completed questionnaires for insomnia, sleepiness, and everyday behaviors in which executive functions are implicated. Mediation Models were applied. RESULTS Insomnia and sleepiness symptoms did not play a mediating role between ADHD symptoms and executive functioning. Conversely, our results highlighted a mediating effect of daytime insomnia consequences and sleepiness on ADHD symptoms via behavioral regulation executive symptoms (respectively, β = -0.32, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.20]; β = 0.09, p < .05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]) and metacognitive executive symptoms (respectively, β = -0.30, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.18]; β = 0.12, p < .01, 95% CI [0.04, 0.22]). CONCLUSIONS Daytime insomnia consequences and sleepiness symptoms could lead to ADHD-like symptoms through their associated executive symptoms expressed in daily life. When faced with symptoms suggestive of ADHD in adults, insomnia and sleepiness should be systematically screened with standardized instruments.

中文翻译：

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社区成人样本中的注意力缺陷/多动障碍、失眠和嗜睡症状：执行行为调节和元认知能力的中介作用。

目的 成人注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的特征是反映在认知、情绪和行为领域的执行障碍综合征。独立于 ADHD 的正式诊断，较高的 ADHD 症状与成人人群样本中较高水平的失眠和嗜睡症状相关。失眠和嗜睡是睡眠障碍，它们都与执行功能的几个方面的缺陷有关，而这些缺陷又可能模仿一系列 ADHD 症状。我们的目标是探讨社区居住成年人的 ADHD、失眠和嗜睡症状与执行功能之间的相互关系。方法 共有 442 名参与者（18-89 岁，56% 为女性）接受了半结构化临床访谈，并完成了关于失眠、嗜睡、以及涉及执行功能的日常行为。应用了中介模型。结果 失眠和嗜睡症状在 ADHD 症状和执行功能之间没有中介作用。相反，我们的结果强调了白天失眠后果和嗜睡通过行为调节执行症状对 ADHD 症状的中介作用（分别为 β = -0.32，p < .001，95% CI [-0.46，-0.20]；β = 0.09， p < .05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]）和元认知执行症状（分别为 β = -0.30, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.18]；β = 0.12, p < .01 , 95% CI [0.04, 0.22])。结论 白天失眠的后果和嗜睡症状可能通过日常生活中表现出的相关执行症状导致 ADHD 样症状。当面对成人多动症的症状时，