Police are often criticized for doing “too much” or “too little” policing in various situations. These criticisms amount to testable hypotheses about whether “less” force, or intensity, or enforcement would have been enough, or whether “more” was needed. The rise of evidence-based policing provides a starting point for public dialogues about those hypotheses, in ways that could help to build police legitimacy. Such dialogues can be focused on the questions posed by the three “Ts”: (1) Is police action targeted in a way that is proportionate to the harm that it can prevent? (2) Has the action been tested and found effective with the kinds of targets, and their levels of harm, where it is being used? (3) Is police action tracked to ensure it is delivered in the way that has been tested, and in compliance with relevant legal requirements? In this lecture, I frame the issue as follows: Can more widespread use of better research evidence on targeting, testing, and tracking police actions, shared more clearly among the public and police, help reduce the wide range of oscillation between over-policing and under-policing?

中文翻译：

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金发姑娘和三个“T”：瞄准、测试和跟踪“恰到好处”的民主警务

警察经常因在各种情况下做“太多”或“太少”的警务而受到批评。这些批评相当于关于“更少”的力量、强度或强制执行是否足够，或者是否需要“更多”的可检验假设。循证警务的兴起为关于这些假设的公开对话提供了一个起点，这有助于建立警察的合法性。这样的对话可以集中在三个“T”提出的问题上：（1）警察行动的针对性是否与其可以预防的伤害相称？(2) 行动是否已经过测试并发现对目标种类及其危害程度有效，在哪里使用？(3) 警方行动是否被追踪确保以经过测试的方式交付并符合相关法律要求？在本次讲座中，我将问题表述如下：能否更广泛地使用更好的研究证据来针对、测试和跟踪警察行动，在公众和警察之间更清晰地共享，有助于减少过度警务和警察之间的广泛振荡治安不足？