Adolescents around the globe are increasingly exposed to online hate speech (OHS). And yet little is known about the varying roles of involvement and the determinants of adolescents' hate speech perpetration. Building on previous research, this study aims to test the cycle of violence hypothesis for OHS and to analyze whether moral disengagement (MD) and empathy moderate the victim-to-perpetrator relationship. The sample consists of 3,560 seventh to ninth graders (52.1 percent girls), recruited from 40 schools across Germany and Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess OHS involvement, MD, and empathy. Multilevel analyses revealed that victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration. In addition, victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of MD than those with lower levels of MD. Finally, victims of OHS were less likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of empathy than those with lower levels of empathy. The findings extend the cycle of violence hypothesis to OHS and highlight the need to address MD and empathy in hate speech prevention. Implications for future research will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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暴力的在线仇恨言论循环：道德脱离接触和同理心在受害者与施暴者关系中的调节作用

全球青少年越来越多地受到网络仇恨言论 (OHS) 的影响。然而，人们对参与的不同作用以及青少年仇恨言论犯罪的决定因素知之甚少。在先前研究的基础上，本研究旨在检验 OHS 的暴力循环假设，并分析道德脱离接触 (MD) 和同理心是否会调节受害者与施暴者的关系。样本包括 3,560 名七至九年级学生（52.1% 的女生），他们来自德国和瑞士的 40 所学校。进行自我报告问卷以评估 OHS 参与、MD 和同理心。多层次分析显示，职业健康与安全的受害者更有可能报告职业健康与安全的犯罪行为。此外，当 OHS 的受害者报告的 MD 水平高于 MD 水平较低的人时，他们更有可能报告 OHS 犯罪。最后，当 OHS 受害者报告的同理心水平高于同理心水平较低的人时，他们不太可能报告 OHS 犯罪。研究结果将暴力循环假设扩展到了职业健康与安全，并强调了在预防仇恨言论中解决 MD 和同理心的必要性。将讨论对未来研究的影响。