High soil salinity in arid and semiarid regions results in a reduction in plant growth and productivity. Also, low precipitation is insufficient to cope with high salinity. Black calla lily (Arum palaestinum Boiss.) belongs to Araceae and is used as an ornamental, for food, and in folk medicine. Salinity reduces water and nutrient uptake and causes the accumulation of toxic levels of ions (K and NA) in black calla lily plants. This study was established to evaluate black calla lily salinity tolerance and to determine its tolerance mechanisms. Seedlings of A. palaestinum were transplanted into lysimeter columns. Irrigation treatments included tap water (control) and water with electrical conductivities of 5, 15, and 25 dS m⁻¹. Treatments were continued for 3 mo. Leaf color, leaf area, and plant height were estimated or measured weekly. Samples were collected for total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), proline, reducing sugars content (RSC), and tissue K⁺ and Na⁺ content analyses. Increasing salinity led to a decrease in leaf characters, TNC, chlorophyll content, plant height, and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and an increase in proline content and shoot total RSC. The significant positive association between proline content and salinity suggested that proline can enhance osmotic adjustment and act as a N or C source that helps the processes of stress recovery. Dynamics of TNC and RSC indicated that salinity tolerance is an energy-dependent process. Results indicated that A. palaestinum collected from the Mediterranean area can tolerate irrigation water with a salinity level up to 15 dS m⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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地中海条件下黑海芋对盐度的响应

干旱和半干旱地区的高土壤盐分导致植物生长和生产力下降。此外，低降水不足以应对高盐度。黑海芋（Arum palaestinum Boiss.）属于天南星科，用作观赏植物、食品和民间医药。盐度会降低水和养分的吸收，并导致黑马蹄莲植物中有毒水平的离子（K 和 NA）积累。本研究旨在评估黑马蹄莲的耐盐性并确定其耐盐机制。将A. palaestinum的幼苗移植到蒸渗仪柱中。灌溉处理包括自来水（对照）和电导率为 5、15 和 25 dS m ^-1的水. 治疗持续3个月。每周估计或测量叶色、叶面积和株高。收集样品用于总非结构碳水化合物 (TNC)、脯氨酸、还原糖含量 (RSC) 和组织 K ⁺和 Na ⁺含量分析。盐度增加导致叶片性状、TNC、叶绿素含量、株高和 K ⁺ /Na ^+下降比率，脯氨酸含量和芽总 RSC 的增加。脯氨酸含量与盐度之间的显着正相关表明脯氨酸可以增强渗透调节并充当有助于压力恢复过程的 N 或 C 源。TNC和RSC的动力学表明耐盐性是一个能量依赖的过程。结果表明，从地中海地区采集的A. palaestinum可以耐受盐度高达 15 dS m ^-1的灌溉水。