Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are now the most common type of solid tumor in individuals aged 0-19 years, with an incidence rate in the United States around 5 per 100,000, accounting for about 1 out of 4 childhood cancers. Pediatric pathologists encounter brain tumor cases with varying frequency, but many of these encounters begin in the context of intraoperative consultation or "frozen section." This review provides an overview of the technical aspects of intraoperative consultation specific to, or more helpful in, CNS tumors, emphasizing helpful cytologic and histologic features of the more commonly encountered pediatric CNS tumors, and illustrating some common diagnostic pitfalls and how these may be avoided.

中文翻译：

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小儿脑肿瘤的术中诊断。

中枢神经系统 (CNS) 肿瘤现在是 0-19 岁个体中最常见的实体瘤类型，在美国的发病率约为每 100,000 人中的 5 人，约占儿童癌症的四分之一。儿科病理学家遇到不同频率的脑肿瘤病例，但其中许多是在术中会诊或“冷冻切片”的背景下开始的。这篇综述概述了针对 CNS 肿瘤或更有帮助的术中会诊的技术方面，强调了更常见的儿科 CNS 肿瘤的有用的细胞学和组织学特征，并说明了一些常见的诊断缺陷以及如何避免这些缺陷.