Continuously increasing plastic production causes a constant accumulation of microplastic particles (MPs) in the aquatic environment, especially in industrialized and urbanized areas with elevated wastewater discharges. This coincides with the release of persistent organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides) entering limnic ecosystems. Although the assessment of potential effects of environmental pollutants sorbed to MPs under chronic exposure scenarios seems vital, data on potential hazards and risk by combined exposure to pollutants and microplastics for aquatic vertebrates is still limited. Therefore, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed over 21 days to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF; 10 and 100 ng/L) and the PAH benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF; 0.78 and 50 µg/L) either dissolved directly in water or sorbed to different MPs (irregular polystyrene, spherical polymethyl methacrylate; ≤ 100 µm), where CPF was sorbed to polystyrene MPs and BkF was sorbed to polymethyl methacrylate MPs. Contaminant sorption to MPs and leaching were documented using GC-EI-MS; potential accumulation was studied in cryosections of the gastrointestinal tract. Enzymatic biomarkers and biotransformation were measured in liver and brain. Overall, exposure to non-contaminated MPs did not induce any adverse effects. Results of fluorescence tracking, CYP1A modulation by BkF as well as changes in acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) by CPF were less pronounced when contaminants were sorbed to MPs, indicating reduced bioavailability of pollutants. Overall, following exposure to waterborne BkF, only minor amounts of parent BkF and biotransformation products were detected in zebrafish liver. Even high loads of MPs and sorbed contaminants did not induce adverse effects in zebrafish; thus, the potential threat of MPs as vectors for contaminant transfer in limnic ecosystems can be considered limited.

不断增加的塑料产量会导致水环境中的微塑料颗粒 (MP) 不断积累，尤其是在废水排放量增加的工业化和城市化地区。这与进入湖沼生态系统的持久性有机污染物（多环芳烃（PAHs）、杀虫剂）的释放相吻合。尽管评估在慢性暴露情景下吸附到 MPs 的环境污染物的潜在影响似乎至关重要，但关于水生脊椎动物同时暴露于污染物和微塑料的潜在危害和风险的数据仍然有限。因此，斑马鱼（斑马鱼）暴露于有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱（CPF；10 和 100 ng/L）和 PAH 苯并（k）荧蒽（BkF；0.78 和 50 µg/L）直接溶解在水中或吸附到不同的 MPs 中超过 21 天（不规则聚苯乙烯，球形聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；≤ 100 µm），其中 CPF 吸附到聚苯乙烯 MPs 上，BkF 吸附到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 MPs 上。使用 GC-EI-MS 记录污染物对 MPs 的吸附和浸出；在胃肠道的冷冻切片中研究了潜在的积累。在肝脏和大脑中测量酶生物标志物和生物转化。总体而言，接触未受污染的 MP 不会引起任何不利影响。荧光跟踪的结果，当污染物吸附到 MPs 时，BkF 对 CYP1A 的调节以及 CPF 对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性 (AChE) 的变化不太明显，表明污染物的生物利用度降低。总体而言，在暴露于水性 BkF 后，在斑马鱼肝脏中仅检测到少量的亲本 BkF 和生物转化产物。即使是高负荷的 MPs 和吸附的污染物也不会对斑马鱼产生不利影响；因此，可以认为 MPs 作为污染转移媒介在边缘生态系统中的潜在威胁是有限的。