Across three experimental studies, we explored how a political candidate's intersections of skin tone, race, and ethnicity affect voting preferences and interpersonal judgments (e.g., warmth, trustworthiness, expertise). Study 1 assessed whether White participants would favor a light-skinned (vs. dark-skinned) African American candidate. Study 2 investigated participant (White vs. non-White) voting preferences based on the interaction between candidate race/ethnicity and relative skin tone (lighter vs. darker). In Study 3, we examined the influence of candidate race/ethnicity on voters’ preferences as well as the accuracy and impact of memory for candidate skin tone. Supporting our hypotheses, White participants generally held more negative attitudes (e.g., expressed less warmth, perceived candidates as less trustworthy) and were less likely to vote for underrepresented candidates with darker skin tones than non-White participants were. Additionally, voters remembered politicians as having a lighter skin tone, and the extent of such bias predicted warmth, perceived trustworthiness, and expertise of the candidate. While candidate race/ethnicity on its own did not affect voting preferences and attitudes, it significantly influenced voters when race/ethnicity was associated with certain skin tones (i.e., brown skin tone). Theoretical, practical, and political implications for judgments influenced by skin tone and race/ethnicity of candidates are discussed.

中文翻译：

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白色空间中的黑脸：肤色、种族、民族和群体间偏好对人际判断和投票行为的影响

在三项实验研究中，我们探讨了政治候选人的肤色、种族和民族如何影响投票偏好和人际判断（例如，热情、可信度、专业知识）。研究 1 评估了白人参与者是否会偏爱浅肤色（与深肤色）的非裔美国人候选人。研究 2 根据候选人种族/民族和相对肤色（较浅与较深）之间的相互作用调查了参与者（白人与非白人）的投票偏好。在研究 3 中，我们检查了候选人种族/民族对选民偏好的影响，以及记忆对候选人肤色的准确性和影响。支持我们的假设，白人参与者通常持有更多的消极态度（例如，表达较少的热情，认为候选人不太值得信赖），并且与非白人参与者相比，他们不太可能投票给肤色较深的代表性不足的候选人。此外，选民记得政治家的肤色较浅，这种偏见的程度预示着候选人的热情、可信赖度和专业知识。虽然候选人种族/民族本身并不会影响投票偏好和态度，但当种族/民族与某些肤色（即棕色肤色）相关时，它会显着影响选民。讨论了受候选人肤色和种族/民族影响的判断的理论、实践和政治影响。这种偏见的程度可以预测候选人的热情、可信度和专业知识。虽然候选人种族/民族本身并不会影响投票偏好和态度，但当种族/民族与某些肤色（即棕色肤色）相关时，它会显着影响选民。讨论了受候选人肤色和种族/民族影响的判断的理论、实践和政治影响。这种偏见的程度可以预测候选人的热情、可信度和专业知识。虽然候选人种族/民族本身并不会影响投票偏好和态度，但当种族/民族与某些肤色（即棕色肤色）相关时，它会显着影响选民。讨论了受候选人肤色和种族/民族影响的判断的理论、实践和政治影响。