Citrus are economically important fruit crops produced worldwide. Anthracnose, post bloom fruit drop, and stem-end rot of fruit caused by Colletotrichum species are diseases that seriously threatens citrus production in Turkey. Surveys conducted in 2016–2017 allowed the detection of typical symptoms of anthracnose of the visited fields (126 among 203) in the citrus production area of the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. A total of 194 Colletotrichum strains were obtained from different citrus cultivars, including lemon (85), mandarin (73), orange (30), sour orange (1) and grapefruit (5) and different plant tissues (twigs (90), leaves (84) and fruits (20)). A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on four genomic loci (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS­1), and the morphological characters of the isolates were determined. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis, isolates were identified as belonging to C. gloeosporioides and C. karsti. Pathogenicity trials showed that, both species were able to colonise leaves, twigs, and fruits of the susceptible cultivar Interdonato of Citrus limon. Symptoms that developed on inoculated tissues were similar to those observed in the field on naturally infected citrus plants. Pathogenicity trials showed that C. gloeosporioides was more virulent on twigs and leaves, and C. karsti on fruits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study on identification and characterization of C. gloeosporioides and C. karsti associated with citrus anthracnose in Turkey.

柑橘是世界范围内生产的具有重要经济意义的水果作物。炭疽病、开花后落果和由炭疽菌引起的果实茎端腐烂是严重威胁土耳其柑橘生产的疾病。在 2016-2017 年进行的调查允许在土耳其东地中海地区的柑橘产区发现访问田地（203 个中的 126 个）炭疽病的典型症状。共194株炭疽菌菌株来自不同的柑橘品种，包括柠檬（85）、柑橘（73）、橙（30）、酸橙（1）和葡萄柚（5）以及不同的植物组织（树枝（90）、叶子（84）和果实(20))。基于四个基因组位点（ITS、GAPDH、ACT、CHS1）建立了多位点系统发育，并确定了分离株的形态特征。根据形态特征和系统发育分析，分离株被鉴定为C. gloeosporioides和C. karsti。致病性试验表明，这两个物种都能够定殖于易感品种 Interdonato of Citrus limon的叶子、树枝和果实. 在接种组织上出现的症状与在田间在自然感染的柑橘植物上观察到的症状相似。致病性试验表明，C. gloeosporioides对树枝和叶子的毒性更强，而C. karsti对果实的毒性更大。据我们所知，这是在土耳其鉴定和鉴定与柑橘炭疽病相关的C. gloeosporioides和C. karsti的最全面的研究。