Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a variety of applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields s, attributable to recent advances in the nanotechnology field. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) have gained importance as metal oxide NPs due to their potential in various fields, particularly nanomedicine and other biomedicine fields. Several studies have confirmed that NPs produced via the biosynthesis route using natural resources have significant advantages such as fewer toxic contaminants, less subsequent complex chemical synthesis, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and stability when compared to NPs produced by conventional methods, and its production with controlled shapes and sizes. Therefore, considerable effort is being expended to implement biological synthesis methods with these proven advantages. TiO 2 -NPs can be made using a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods. Physicochemical methods are costly, emit high levels of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, and consume a lot of energy. On the other hand, the biological approach is an environmentally safe, cost-effective, dependable, convenient, and easy way to synthesize TiO 2 -NPs. In this review, the bio-mediated synthesis, as well as various biomedical applications of TiO 2 -NPs, were discussed.

中文翻译：

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二氧化钛纳米粒子的绿色合成及其多种生物医学应用综述

由于纳米技术领域的最新进展，金属氧化物纳米粒子 (NPs) 在众多工业、医疗和环境领域中得到了广泛的应用。二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO 2 -NPs）由于其在各个领域，特别是纳米医学和其他生物医学领域的潜力，已成为金属氧化物纳米粒子的重要性。多项研究证实，与传统方法生产的纳米粒子相比，利用自然资源通过生物合成途径生产的纳米粒子具有毒性污染物少、后续化学合成复杂度低、环境友好、成本效益高、稳定性好等显着优势。具有受控的形状和大小。所以，正在付出相当大的努力来实施具有这些已证明优势的生物合成方法。TiO 2 -NPs 可以使用多种生物、化学和物理方法制备。物理化学方法成本高，向大气排放大量有毒化学物质，并且消耗大量能源。另一方面，生物法合成TiO 2 -NPs是一种环境安全、成本效益高、可靠、方便、简便的方法。在这篇综述中，讨论了 TiO 2 -NPs 的生物介导合成以及各种生物医学应用。生物方法是合成TiO 2 -NPs的一种环境安全、成本效益高、可靠、方便且容易的方法。在这篇综述中，讨论了 TiO 2 -NPs 的生物介导合成以及各种生物医学应用。生物方法是合成TiO 2 -NPs的一种环境安全、成本效益高、可靠、方便且容易的方法。在这篇综述中，讨论了 TiO 2 -NPs 的生物介导合成以及各种生物医学应用。