Olfactory perception guides daily decisions regarding food consumption, social interactions, and predator avoidance in all mammalian species. Volatile inputs, comprising odorants and pheromones, are relayed to the olfactory bulb (OB) from nasal sensory neurons cells and transferred to secondary processing regions within the brain. Olfaction has recently been shown to shape homeostatic and maladaptive processes of energy intake and expenditure through neuronal circuits involving the medial basal hypothalamus. Reciprocally, gastrointestinal hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, the secretion of which depends on satiety and adiposity levels, might also influence olfactory sensitivity to alter food-seeking behaviors. Here, in addition to reviewing recent updates on identifying these neuronal networks, we also discuss how bidirectional neurocircuits existing between olfactory and energy processing centers can become dysregulated during obesity.

在所有哺乳动物物种中，嗅觉感知指导有关食物消费、社交互动和捕食者回避的日常决策。挥发性输入，包括气味剂和信息素，从鼻感觉神经元细胞传递到嗅球 (OB)，并转移到大脑内的二级处理区域。嗅觉最近已被证明通过涉及内侧基底下丘脑的神经元回路来塑造能量摄入和消耗的稳态和适应不良过程。反过来，胃肠激素，如生长素释放肽和瘦素，其分泌取决于饱腹感和肥胖水平，也可能影响嗅觉敏感性以改变觅食行为。在这里，除了回顾最近关于识别这些神经元网络的更新，