Accurate and dynamic visualization of vascular diseases can contribute to restraining further deterioration from diseases in a timely manner. However, visualization is still unable to precisely determine whether and to what extent blood vessels or brain tissues are damaged. Here, we report novel benzo-bis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)-based second near-infrared region (NIR-II) fluorophores HY1–HY4 with highly twisted structures (55° at the S₀ state), extremely strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics (I/I₀ > 13), and remarkably high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) (up to 14.45%) in the NIR-II region (>1000 nm) and ∼0.27% in the near-infrared IIb window (NIR-IIb, >1500 nm) in aqueous solution. Using NIR-IIb AIE HY4 dots, high-resolution NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging of revascularization and thrombolysis, and real-time feedback of the therapeutic efficacy of Chinese medicine Dengzhan Xixin injection (DXI) on ischemic stroke, were achieved for the first time. In addition, results showed that DXI conferred neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury mediated via the angiogenesis pathway. These attractive results provide a new perspective for designing ultrabright NIR-IIb probes for vascular-related phenomena, disease assessment, and precise intraoperative image-guided therapy with a deeper tissue penetration depth and higher resolution.

血管疾病的准确和动态可视化有助于及时抑制疾病的进一步恶化。然而，可视化仍然无法准确确定血管或脑组织是否受损以及受损程度。在这里，我们报告了新型苯并双（1,2,5-噻二唑）基第二近红外区（NIR-II）荧光团 HY1-HY4_{具有高度扭曲的结构（在 S 0}状态下为 55° ）、极强的聚集诱导发射 (AIE) 特性 ( I / I ₀ > 13) 和显着高的荧光量子产率 (QY) (高达 14.45%) NIR-II 区域（>1000 nm）和水溶液中近红外 IIb 窗口（NIR-IIb，>1500 nm）中约 0.27%。使用 NIR-IIb AIE HY4首次实现了血运重建和溶栓高分辨率NIR-IIb荧光成像以及中药灯盏细辛注射液（DXI）治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效的实时反馈。此外，结果表明，DXI 对通过血管生成途径介导的脑缺血损伤具有神经保护作用。这些有吸引力的结果为设计用于血管相关现象、疾病评估和具有更深组织穿透深度和更高分辨率的精确术中图像引导治疗的超亮 NIR-IIb 探针提供了新的视角。