Manure and lime as fertiliser and conditioner are widely used on red soils to improve soil fertility and to alleviate soil acidity. Investigating the effects of these compounds on soil interfacial properties is very important for understanding some physical, chemical, and biological processes that are often overlooked. Using a long-term field experiment (2002–2018) on a red loamy clay soil, we explored how the soil water vapour sorption isotherm, soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), and water repellency (WR) interacted and were affected by low-rate pig manure (LM, 150 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), high-rate pig manure (HM, 600 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), and high-rate pig manure with lime (HML). The HML only increased soil pH relative to the HM. The SSA determined with N₂ (SSA_N2) showed a significant negative correlation with SOC. Both SSA determined with H₂O (SSA_H2O) and contact angle (CA) were significantly positively correlated with SOC. Manure amendments increased soil water content change (WCC) in the water activity (a_w) range of 0.05–0.2 (WCC_0.05–0.2) by 6.3–30.2%, but decreased WCC_0.2–0.6 and WCC_0.6–0.93 by 5.1–12.5% and 2.8–7.0%, respectively. Local hysteresis became more pronounced with high manure or high manure with lime amendment in the intermediate a_w range (0.45–0.75). The observed changes of water vapour sorption were attributed to the alteration of SOC affecting SSA and WR.

中文翻译：

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有机肥和石灰通过改变斥水性和比表面积来改变红壤的水蒸气吸附

肥料和石灰作为肥料和调节剂广泛用于红壤，以提高土壤肥力和缓解土壤酸度。研究这些化合物对土壤界面特性的影响对于了解一些经常被忽视的物理、化学和生物过程非常重要。通过在红色壤质粘土上进行的长期田间试验（2002-2018 年），我们探索了土壤水蒸气吸附等温线、土壤有机碳 (SOC)、pH、阳离子交换容量 (CEC)、比表面积 (SSA) ) 和拒水性 (WR) 相互作用并受到低用量猪粪 (LM, 150 kg N ha ^-1 year ^-1 )、高用量猪粪 (HM, 600 kg N ha ^-1 year ^{-1 ) 的影响})，以及含石灰的高效猪粪 (HML)。相对于 HM，HML 仅增加了土壤的 pH 值。用N ₂ (SSA _N2 )测定的SSA与SOC呈显着负相关。用H ₂ O（SSA _H2O）测定的SSA和接触角（CA）均与SOC显着正相关。_{粪肥改良剂使水分活度 ( aw} ) 0.05-0.2 (WCC _0.05-0.2 ) 范围内的土壤含水量变化 (WCC) 增加了6.3-30.2%，但将 WCC _0.2-0.6和 WCC _0.6-0.93降低了 5.1-12.5 % 和 2.8–7.0%，分别。使用高粪肥或中间添加石灰改良的高粪肥时，局部滞后现象变得更加明显_w范围(0.45–0.75)。观察到的水蒸气吸附变化归因于影响 SSA 和 WR 的 SOC 变化。