Kant’s Naturrecht Feyerabend has recently gained more sustained attention for its role in clarifying Kant’s published positions in political philosophy. However, too little attention has been given to the lecture’s relation to Gottfried Achenwall, whose book was the textbook for the course. In this paper, I will examine how Kant rejected and transforms Achenwall’s natural law system in the Feyerabend Lectures. Specifically, I will argue that Kant problematizes Achenwall’s foundational notion of a divine juridical state which opens up a normative gap between objective law (prohibitions, prescriptions and permissions) and subjective rights (moral capacities). In the absence of a divine sovereign, formal natural law is unable to justify subjective natural rights in the state of nature. In the Feyerabend Lectures , Kant, in order to close this gap, replaces the divine will with the “will of society”, making the state necessary for the possibility of rights.

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康德的 Naturrecht Feyerabend、Achenwall 和国家的角色

康德的 Naturrecht Feyerabend 最近因其在阐明康德已发表的政治哲学立场方面的作用而获得了更多的持续关注。然而，很少有人关注这堂课与戈特弗里德·阿亨沃尔的关系，他的书是该课程的教科书。在本文中，我将探讨康德如何在费耶阿本德讲座中拒绝和改造阿亨沃尔的自然法体系。具体来说，我将争辩说，康德质疑了阿亨沃尔关于神圣司法国家的基本概念，该概念在客观法律（禁止、规定和许可）和主观权利（道德能力）之间开辟了规范性差距。在没有神圣主权的情况下，形式的自然法无法证明自然状态下的主观自然权利是正当的。在费耶阿本德讲座中，康德为了缩小这个差距，