Climatic variability threatens inland ecosystems, fisheries, societies and economies globally. The impacts are evident in India as manifested by altered geographic distribution, loss of species, change in breeding period, life cycle and physiological behaviour of inland fishes. In India, several inland fisheries research advancements have been made including development of innovative environmental, climatological and biological thresholds associated with successful spawning of fish species in the Ganges River basin, which is a landmark in predicting reproductive adaptation and minimum fitness required for natural breeding. The innovative concept of determining a threshold condition factor of the female fish population to indicate readiness for spawning, expressed as pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50), has been used to map and benchmark several freshwater fish species and thereby identify potential climate resilient species. A flow chart showing the impact of climatic variability in inland fisheries and climate resilient fisheries have been conceptualized. Moreover, research pertaining to climate change and its impact on aquatic ecology and fisheries, heat wave studies, climate resilient adaptation techniques, carbon sequestration potential of wetlands, and vulnerability assessment framework at various levels has also been reported. In the present compilation we synthesize, report, and discuss the status of scientific advancements on the impact of the climate change, and associated impacts on inland ecosystems and fisheries at various levels, which would help in developing mitigation and adaptation strategies.

中文翻译：

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气候和环境变化对印度内陆渔业影响的研究进展：现状、脆弱性和缓解策略

气候多变性威胁着全球内陆生态系统、渔业、社会和经济。影响在印度很明显，表现为地理分布的改变、物种的丧失、繁殖期的变化、内陆鱼类的生命周期和生理行为。在印度，已取得多项内陆渔业研究进展，包括开发与恒河流域鱼类成功产卵相关的创新环境、气候和生物阈值，这是预测自然繁殖所需的生殖适应和最低适应性的里程碑。确定雌鱼种群的阈值条件因子以指示产卵准备情况的创新概念，表示为产卵前适应度（Kspawn50），已被用于绘制和基准测试几种淡水鱼类物种，从而确定潜在的气候适应物种。显示气候变化对内陆渔业和气候适应型渔业的影响的流程图已经概念化。此外，还报告了有关气候变化及其对水生生态和渔业的影响的研究、热浪研究、气候弹性适应技术、湿地的碳封存潜力以及各级脆弱性评估框架。在本汇编中，我们综合、报告和讨论了有关气候变化影响的科学进展状况，以及对内陆生态系统和渔业在各个层面的相关影响，这将有助于制定缓解和适应战略。