India is endowed with vast floodplain wetland resources (0.5 million ha), which provide both livelihood and nutritional security to much of the rural populace. These biologically sensitive ecosystems are threatened by a range of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Assessment of their ecological vulnerability, and of the environmental threats that they face, is essential both in evaluating the health of these ecosystems and in developing sustainable management strategies for conservation and fisheries enhancement. In this context, eight wetlands in the Ganga basin were studied for two consecutive years across the seasons and were characterized ecologically based on chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and trophic state index. A warming temperature (+0.20 – +0.47 °C) and a decreasing total annual rainfall (257–580 mm) have been observed along the Ganga basin in the last three decades. The chlorophyll a (mean ± S.E.) content of the water varied from 4.08±1.04 to 38.0±14.11 µg l-1. The high primary productivity, gross primary productivity/plankton respiration ratio and trophic state index correlated positively with the high fish yield in the wetlands. Analysis of data based on Carlson's method revealed five wetlands in the eutrophic category, whereas based on Lamparelli's method, two wetlands fall into the eutrophic category. The Lamparelli TSI value ranged from 54.1 in Majharia to 65.8 in Kararia among the wetlands. The Bishnupur wetland in West Bengal and Kararia wetland in Bihar were found to be eutrophic due to cascading sewage incursion from nearby towns. These altered ecosystems with high TSI values were prudently exploited by selecting suitable fish species for high fish production, and a fish yield of 1200 kg ha-1 yr-1 was achieved in Bishnupur. The study revealed that eutrophic wetlands can be strategically managed for maintaining both ecosystem services and fish production. Careful selection of suitable fish species and stocking rate is crucial. The planned disposal and treatment of sewage is recommended to maintain the ecological health of floodplain wetlands for sustainable fisheries management in the context of a changing climate.

中文翻译：

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气候变化中的印度东部洪泛区湿地：营养特征、生态状况和对渔业的影响

印度拥有丰富的洪泛区湿地资源（50 万公顷），为大部分农村人口提供生计和营养保障。这些生物敏感的生态系统受到一系列人为和气候因素的威胁。评估它们的生态脆弱性以及它们面临的环境威胁，对于评估这些生态系统的健康状况以及制定可持续管理战略以促进保护和渔业发展都是必不可少的。在此背景下，连续两年对恒河盆地的 8 个湿地进行了跨季节研究，并根据叶绿素 a、初级生产力和营养状态指数进行了生态表征。升温温度 (+0.20 – +0. 在过去的 30 年中，沿恒河盆地观测到了 47 °C）和年总降雨量减少（257-580 毫米）。水中的叶绿素 a（平均值 ± SE）含量从 4.08±1.04 到 38.0±14.11 µg l-1 不等。高初级生产力、总初级生产力/浮游生物呼吸比和营养状态指数与湿地鱼类高产呈正相关。基于 Carlson 方法的数据分析显示，有 5 个湿地属于富营养类别，而基于 Lamparelli 方法，有 2 个湿地属于富营养类别。在湿地中，Lamparelli TSI 值从 Majharia 的 54.1 到 Kararia 的 65.8 不等。由于附近城镇的级联污水入侵，西孟加拉邦的比什努普尔湿地和比哈尔邦的卡拉里亚湿地被认为是富营养化的。通过选择合适的鱼种进行高产，谨慎地利用这些改变的具有高 TSI 值的生态系统，在比什努普尔实现了 1200 kg ha-1 yr-1 的鱼产量。该研究表明，可以对富营养化湿地进行战略管理，以维持生态系统服务和鱼类生产。仔细选择合适的鱼种和放养率是至关重要的。建议对污水进行有计划的处置和处理，以在气候变化的背景下维持洪泛区湿地的生态健康，从而实现可持续渔业管理。该研究表明，可以对富营养化湿地进行战略管理，以维持生态系统服务和鱼类生产。仔细选择合适的鱼种和放养率是至关重要的。建议对污水进行有计划的处置和处理，以在气候变化的背景下维持洪泛区湿地的生态健康，从而实现可持续渔业管理。该研究表明，可以对富营养化湿地进行战略管理，以维持生态系统服务和鱼类生产。仔细选择合适的鱼种和放养率是至关重要的。建议对污水进行有计划的处置和处理，以在气候变化的背景下维持洪泛区湿地的生态健康，从而实现可持续渔业管理。