Workplace incivility, characterized by low-intensity, ambiguous, and rude interpersonal interactions, is typically conceptualized with an events-based perspective (Andersson & Pearson, 1999). Research suggests, however, that both experienced and enacted incivility may be more pervasive and occur consistently or repeatedly, and this cumulative strain experience may impact future enacted incivility. Here, we examine negative emotions and compassion fatigue as mechanisms that explain experienced and enacted incivility between nurses in a high-stake hospital setting and their patients. Data were collected once per week for 4 weeks, enabling us to examine how these relationships unfold over time. Results from the four-wave survey indicate that experienced patient incivility is positively related to negative emotions and to compassion fatigue and that perceived patient acuity can exacerbate these detrimental relationships. Lastly, experienced patient incivility is related to increased future enacted incivility towards patients indirectly through increased negative emotions and compassion fatigue. These findings suggest that repeated exposure to incivility leads to both poor well-being outcomes for the target of incivility and to future enacted incivility. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

以低强度、模棱两可和粗鲁的人际交往为特征的工作场所不文明行为通常是用基于事件的视角来概念化的（Andersson & Pearson，1999）。然而，研究表明，经历过的和已实施的不文明行为都可能更加普遍，并且持续或反复发生，这种累积的紧张经历可能会影响未来已实施的不文明行为。在这里，我们将负面情绪和同情疲劳作为解释高风险医院环境中护士与其患者之间经历和制定的不文明行为的机制进行研究。每周收集一次数据，持续 4 周，使我们能够检查这些关系如何随着时间的推移而展开。四波调查的结果表明，经历过的患者不文明行为与负面情绪和同情疲劳呈正相关，并且感知到的患者敏锐度会加剧这些有害关系。最后，经验丰富的患者不文明行为与通过增加的负面情绪和同情疲劳间接增加未来对患者的不文明行为有关。这些研究结果表明，反复暴露于不文明行为会导致不文明行为目标和未来制定的不文明行为的不良幸福结果。讨论了对理论和实践的影响。经历过的患者不文明行为与未来通过增加负面情绪和同情疲劳间接地增加对患者的不文明行为有关。这些研究结果表明，反复暴露于不文明行为会导致不文明行为目标和未来制定的不文明行为的不良幸福结果。讨论了对理论和实践的影响。经历过的患者不文明行为与未来通过增加负面情绪和同情疲劳间接地增加对患者的不文明行为有关。这些研究结果表明，反复暴露于不文明行为会导致不文明行为目标和未来制定的不文明行为的不良幸福结果。讨论了对理论和实践的影响。