ABSTRACT

Person-centered psychotherapists can improve therapeutic attunement by using well-designed theories and self-report questionnaires. However, previous evaluations of the Focusing Manner Scale (FMS) did not consider item-level information as a means to improve Focusing attitude measurement. Thus, we adapted a German FMS-A.G and applied Rasch analysis to evaluate it with German undergraduates (N = 687). An exploratory factor analysis replicated the original Japanese version’s (FMS-A.J) low signal-to-noise ratio and three-factorial structure (Acting, Attending, Distancing; α = .76, .75, .62). Rasch analysis indicated each scale’s item distribution reduced reliability and construct validity: neither item wordings nor previous construct definitions targeted higher Focusing attitude levels. Moreover, we could not replicate concurrent validity with the General Health Questionnaire. Yet, Acting and Attending converged with the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, especially with Body-Listening (r = .45, .52). Our evidence suggests that Acting and Attending can be used for research purposes, but Distancing should be improved. Rasch analysis provides practically useful results that can improve how we understand and assess Focusing attitudes.

摘要

以人为中心的心理治疗师可以通过使用精心设计的理论和自我报告问卷来改善治疗协调。然而，之前对聚焦方式量表 (FMS) 的评估并未将项目级信息视为改进聚焦态度测量的手段。因此，我们采用了德国 FMS-AG 并应用 Rasch 分析对德国本科生 (N = 687) 进行了评估。探索性因素分析复制了原始日文版本 (FMS-AJ) 的低信噪比和三因素结构（代理、参与、距离；α = .76、.75、.62）。Rasch 分析表明每个量表的项目分布降低了可靠性和结构有效性：项目措辞和先前的结构定义都没有针对更高的聚焦态度水平。此外，我们无法复制一般健康问卷的同时有效性。然而，行动和注意与内感受意识的多维评估相融合，尤其是身体聆听 ( r =  .45, .52)。我们的证据表明Acting和Attention可用于研究目的，但Distancing应该改进。Rasch 分析提供了实用的结果，可以改善我们理解和评估聚焦态度的方式。