This study investigates the network mechanisms underlying the co-development of two types of negative relationships: dislike relationships, and victim-bully relationships among children. Longitudinal data on school-level networks of 15 Dutch primary schools (N = 2175; M_age(T1) = 10; 51% male) were analyzed with stochastic actor-oriented models. Evidence was found for mutual reinforcement between dislike and bullying/victimization. Disliked children were more likely to bully those or be victimized by those who previously disliked them. Over and above these effects at the relationship level, children who were previously disliked by more schoolmates were more likely to bully or to be victimized by other schoolmates. Victims were more likely to be disliked over time by those who bullied them, but not by other schoolmates, whereas bullies were more likely to be disliked over time by not only those they bully but also other schoolmates. Contrary to expectations, no support was found for hypotheses that sex-based in-group favoritism affects children's dislike for bullies or their tendency to bully disliked others. The findings show how children's negative feelings and bullying behavior toward schoolmates mutually influence and reinforce each other over time.

中文翻译：

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厌恶和欺凌如何共同发展：儿童之间消极关系的纵向研究

本研究调查了两种消极关系共同发展的网络机制：不喜欢关系和儿童之间的受害者-欺凌关系。荷兰 15 所小学学校层面网络的纵向数据（N  = 2175；M_年龄（T1） = 10; 51% 男性）使用随机的面向演员的模型进行分析。发现了不喜欢和欺凌/受害之间相互加强的证据。不喜欢的孩子更有可能欺负这些人或成为以前不喜欢他们的人的受害者。除了关系层面的这些影响之外，以前被更多同学不喜欢的孩子更有可能欺负或成为其他同学的受害者。随着时间的推移，受害者更有可能被欺负他们的人讨厌，但其他同学则不然，而随着时间的推移，欺凌者更容易被他们欺负的人以及其他同学讨厌。与预期相反，没有发现支持基于性别的群体内偏爱会影响儿童对欺凌者的厌恶或他们欺负不喜欢他人的倾向的假设。