Infrastructure service disruptions impact households in an affected community disproportionally. To enable integrating social equity considerations in infrastructure resilience assessments, this study created a new computational multi-agent simulation model, which enables integrated assessment of hazard, infrastructure system, and household elements and their interactions. With a focus on hurricane-induced power outages, the model consists of three elements: (1) the hazard component simulates exposure of the community to a hurricane with varying intensity levels; (2) the physical infrastructure component simulates the power network and its probabilistic failures and restoration under different hazard scenarios; and (3) the households component captures the dynamic processes related to preparation, information-seeking, and response actions of households facing hurricane-induced power outages. We used empirical data from household surveys from three hurricanes (Harvey, Florence, and Michael) in conjunction with theoretical decision-making models to abstract and simulate the underlying mechanisms affecting the experienced hardship of households when facing power outages. The multi-agent simulation model was then tested in the context of Harris County, Texas, and verified and validated using empirical results from Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Then, the model was used to examine the effects of different factors—such as forewarning durations, social network types, and restoration and resource allocation strategies—on reducing the societal impacts of service disruptions in an equitable manner. The results show that improving the restoration prioritization strategy to focus on vulnerable populations is an effective approach, especially during high-intensity events, to enhance equitable resilience. The results show the capability of the proposed computational model for capturing the dynamic and complex interactions in the nexus of households, hazards, and infrastructure systems to better integrate human-centric aspects in resilience planning and assessment of infrastructure systems in disasters. Hence, the proposed model and its results could provide a new tool for infrastructure managers and operators, as well as for disaster managers, in devising hazard mitigation and response strategies to reduce the societal impacts of power outages in an equitable manner.

中文翻译：

---

灾害-家庭-基础设施关系的多主体建模，用于公平的弹性评估

基础设施服务中断不成比例地影响受影响社区的家庭。为了在基础设施弹性评估中整合社会公平考虑，本研究创建了一个新的计算多主体模拟模型，该模型能够对危害、基础设施系统和家庭要素及其相互作用进行综合评估。该模型以飓风引起的停电为重点，由三个要素组成：（1）危险部分模拟社区暴露于不同强度级别的飓风中；(2) 物理基础设施组件模拟电力网络及其在不同灾害情景下的概率故障和恢复；(3) 住户部分捕获与准备、信息寻求、以及面临飓风引起的停电的家庭的应对行动。我们使用来自三个飓风（哈维、弗洛伦斯和迈克尔）的家庭调查的经验数据，结合理论决策模型，抽象和模拟了在面临停电时影响家庭经历困难的潜在机制。然后，多智能体模拟模型在德克萨斯州哈里斯县进行了测试，并使用 2017 年哈维飓风的经验结果进行了验证和验证。然后，该模型被用于检查不同因素的影响——例如预警持续时间、社交网络类型，以及恢复和资源分配策略——以公平的方式减少服务中断的社会影响。结果表明，改进恢复优先战略以关注弱势群体是一种有效的方法，特别是在高强度事件期间，以增强公平的复原力。结果表明，所提出的计算模型能够捕捉家庭、灾害和基础设施系统之间的动态和复杂的相互作用，从而更好地将以人为中心的方面整合到灾害中基础设施系统的弹性规划和评估中。因此，所提出的模型及其结果可以为基础设施管理人员和运营商以及灾害管理人员提供一种新工具，以制定减灾和响应策略，以公平的方式减少停电的社会影响。特别是在高强度事件期间，以增强公平的复原力。结果表明，所提出的计算模型能够捕捉家庭、灾害和基础设施系统之间的动态和复杂的相互作用，从而更好地将以人为中心的方面整合到灾害中基础设施系统的弹性规划和评估中。因此，所提出的模型及其结果可以为基础设施管理人员和运营商以及灾害管理人员提供一种新工具，以制定减灾和响应策略，以公平的方式减少停电的社会影响。特别是在高强度事件期间，以增强公平的复原力。结果表明，所提出的计算模型能够捕捉家庭、灾害和基础设施系统之间的动态和复杂的相互作用，从而更好地将以人为中心的方面整合到灾害中基础设施系统的弹性规划和评估中。因此，所提出的模型及其结果可以为基础设施管理人员和运营商以及灾害管理人员提供一种新工具，以制定减灾和响应策略，以公平的方式减少停电的社会影响。和基础设施系统，以更好地将以人为本的方面纳入灾害中基础设施系统的复原力规划和评估中。因此，所提出的模型及其结果可以为基础设施管理人员和运营商以及灾害管理人员提供一种新工具，以制定减灾和响应策略，以公平的方式减少停电的社会影响。和基础设施系统，以更好地将以人为本的方面纳入灾害中基础设施系统的复原力规划和评估中。因此，所提出的模型及其结果可以为基础设施管理人员和运营商以及灾害管理人员提供一种新工具，以制定减灾和响应策略，以公平的方式减少停电的社会影响。