Advanced manufacturing technologies, led by additive manufacturing, have undergone significant growth in recent years. These technologies enable engineers to design parts with reduced weight while maintaining structural and functional integrity. In particular, metal additive manufacturing parts are increasingly used in application areas such as aerospace, where a failure of a mission-critical part can have dire safety consequences. Therefore, the quality of these components is extremely important. A critical aspect of quality control is dimensional evaluation, where measurements provide quantitative results that are traceable to the standard unit of length, the metre. Dimensional measurements allow designers, manufacturers and users to check product conformity against engineering drawings and enable the same quality standard to be used across the supply chain nationally and internationally. However, there is a lack of development of measurement techniques that provide non-destructive dimensional measurements beyond common non-destructive evaluation focused on defect detection. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technology has great potential to be used as a non-destructive dimensional evaluation technology. However, technology development is behind the demand and growth for advanced manufactured parts. Both the size and the value of advanced manufactured parts have grown significantly in recent years, leading to new requirements of dimensional measurement technologies. This paper is a cross-disciplinary review of state-of-the-art non-destructive dimensional measuring techniques relevant to advanced manufacturing of metallic parts at larger length scales, especially the use of high energy XCT with source energy of greater than 400 kV to address the need in measuring large advanced manufactured parts. Technologies considered as potential high energy x-ray generators include both conventional x-ray tubes, linear accelerators, and alternative technologies such as inverse Compton scattering sources, synchrotron sources and laser-driven plasma sources. Their technology advances and challenges are elaborated on. The paper also outlines the development of XCT for dimensional metrology and future needs.

中文翻译：

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用于大型金属先进制造部件无损尺寸计量的高能 X 射线计算机断层扫描综述

近年来，以增材制造为首的先进制造技术取得了显着增长。这些技术使工程师能够设计出重量更轻的零件，同时保持结构和功能的完整性。特别是，金属增材制造部件越来越多地用于航空航天等应用领域，在这些领域，关键任务部件的故障可能会带来可怕的安全后果。因此，这些组件的质量极为重要。质量控制的一个关键方面是尺寸评估，其中测量提供可追溯到标准长度单位米的定量结果。尺寸测量允许设计师，制造商和用户根据工程图纸检查产品是否符合要求，并在国内和国际供应链中使用相同的质量标准。然而，除了专注于缺陷检测的常见非破坏性评估之外，还缺乏提供非破坏性尺寸测量的测量技术的发展。X射线计算机断层扫描（XCT）技术作为一种无损尺寸评估技术具有巨大的潜力。然而，技术发展落后于对先进制造零件的需求和增长。近年来，先进制造零件的尺寸和价值都显着增长，从而对尺寸测量技术提出了新的要求。本文是对与较大长度金属零件的先进制造相关的最先进的无损尺寸测量技术的跨学科综述，尤其是使用源能大于 400 kV 的高能 XCT 来测量满足测量大型先进制造零件的需要。被视为潜在高能 X 射线发生器的技术包括传统 X 射线管、线性加速器和替代技术，例如逆康普顿散射源、同步加速器源和激光驱动等离子体源。详细阐述了他们的技术进步和挑战。本文还概述了 XCT 在尺寸计量方面的发展和未来需求。特别是使用源能大于 400 kV 的高能 XCT 来满足测量大型先进制造零件的需要。被视为潜在高能 X 射线发生器的技术包括传统 X 射线管、线性加速器和替代技术，例如逆康普顿散射源、同步加速器源和激光驱动等离子体源。详细阐述了他们的技术进步和挑战。本文还概述了 XCT 在尺寸计量方面的发展和未来需求。特别是使用源能大于 400 kV 的高能 XCT 来满足测量大型先进制造零件的需要。被视为潜在高能 X 射线发生器的技术包括传统 X 射线管、线性加速器和替代技术，例如逆康普顿散射源、同步加速器源和激光驱动等离子体源。详细阐述了他们的技术进步和挑战。本文还概述了 XCT 在尺寸计量方面的发展和未来需求。以及替代技术，例如逆康普顿散射源、同步加速器源和激光驱动等离子体源。详细阐述了他们的技术进步和挑战。本文还概述了 XCT 在尺寸计量方面的发展和未来需求。以及替代技术，例如逆康普顿散射源、同步加速器源和激光驱动等离子体源。详细阐述了他们的技术进步和挑战。本文还概述了 XCT 在尺寸计量方面的发展和未来需求。