ABSTRACT

The developmental period of late adolescence/young adulthood is characterized by transitioning to an independent individual with a self-identity, established health habits and the components of resilience: (1) confidence in one’s abilities (personal competence) and (2) the ability to adapt to changes (acceptance of self and life). This two-wave, prospective study examines the associations among self-identity, health habits and resilience in 18 year olds (n = 149) before military service and six months afterward. The questionnaire included validated scales of resilience and self-identity, as well as instruments measuring health habits, family environment and demographic characteristics. Cross-sectional findings indicated that resilience at baseline was associated with gender-male (p < .05), lower distress (p < .001) and higher identity-affirmation/belonging (p < .05). Longitudinal findings showed that resilience was associated with changes of distress (p < .05) and the resilience component of personal competence (p < .001). Cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives on 18-year-old military recruits portrayed different pictures. The cross-sectional findings showed that resilience was associated with lower distress and higher feelings of affirmation/belonging (self-identity); however, longitudinal findings showed that resilience was predicted by the ability to adapt to changes under stress. Resilient 18 year olds demonstrated the ability to adapt to stressful situations, but psychological distress may impede the development of self-identity.

 抽象的

青春期后期/成年早期的发展阶段的特点是向一个独立的个体过渡，具有自我认同、既定的健康习惯和复原力的组成部分：（1）对自己能力（个人能力）的信心和（2）有能力适应变化（接受自我和生活）。这项两波前瞻性研究考察了服兵役前和服兵役后六个月的 18 岁青少年 (n = 149) 的自我认同、健康习惯和复原力之间的关联。调查问卷包括经过验证的复原力和自我认同量表，以及衡量健康习惯、家庭环境和人口特征的工具。横断面研究结果表明，基线时的复原力与性别为男性 ( p < .05)、较低的痛苦 ( p < .001) 和较高的身份肯定/归属感 ( p < .05) 相关。纵向研究结果表明，复原力与痛苦的变化 ( p < .05) 和个人能力的复原力组成部分 ( p < .001) 相关。对 18 岁新兵的横向和纵向视角描绘了不同的画面。横断面研究结果表明，复原力与较低的痛苦和较高的肯定/归属感（自我认同）相关；然而，纵向研究结果表明，复原力是通过在压力下适应变化的能力来预测的。有韧性的 18 岁青少年表现出适应压力情况的能力，但心理困扰可能会阻碍自我认同的发展。