Flea beetles (Alticini) are a diverse lineage of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with the majority of genera living on vascular plants. However, several genera are associated with mosses or leaf litter, as an alternative strategy, often accompanied by changes in morphology and biology. Here, we present the first comprehensive DNA-based phylogenetic analysis of Alticini including 13 moss-inhabiting genera. We show that moss-association is a common phenomenon in Alticini; based on our ancestral-state mapping, we reveal at least nine independent origins of moss-inhabiting, and four independent origins of leaf-litter-inhabiting life-strategy. Our findings illustrate that both cryptic strategies induce parallel evolution of similar ecomorphological adaptations, such as flight loss and a convex body shape. An overview of known moss-inhabiting flea beetle genera is also provided. We describe Benedictoides munclingeri gen. et sp. nov. from the cloud forests of Mount Cameroon, the first flea beetle genus clearly assigned to the moss-inhabiting strategy from tropical Africa. Additionally, our phylogeny provides new insights into the relationships among various flea beetle genera. We estimate six main clades grouping the majority of studied genera, and propose several new generic groups. Along with our phylogenetic results, we discuss moss-inhabiting flea beetle evolution and perspectives of their systematics.

中文翻译：

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寄生苔藓的跳甲（鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae）的多种起源：分子系统发育、属概述和来自非洲的一个新属

跳蚤甲虫（Alticini）是叶甲虫（鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae）的不同谱系，大多数属生活在维管植物上。然而，有几个属与苔藓或落叶有关，作为一种替代策略，通常伴随着形态和生物学的变化。在这里，我们首次展示了基于 DNA 的 Alticini 系统发育分析，包括 13 个苔藓栖息属。我们表明，苔藓关联是阿尔提奇尼岛的常见现象；根据我们的祖先状态图，我们揭示了至少九个独立的苔藓栖息起源和四个独立的落叶栖息生活策略起源。我们的研究结果表明，这两种神秘的策略都会导致相似的生态形态适应的平行进化，例如飞行损失和凸形体形。还提供了已知的苔藓栖息跳甲虫属的概述。我们描述了 Benedictoides munclingeri gen。等人。十一月 来自喀麦隆山的云雾森林，第一个跳蚤甲虫属显然属于热带非洲的苔藓栖息策略。此外，我们的系统发育为各种跳甲虫属之间的关系提供了新的见解。我们估计六个主要进化枝将大多数研究属分组，并提出了几个新的属组。除了我们的系统发育结果，我们还讨论了栖息在苔藓中的跳甲虫的进化及其系统学的观点。我们的系统发育为各种跳甲虫属之间的关系提供了新的见解。我们估计六个主要进化枝将大多数研究属分组，并提出了几个新的属组。除了我们的系统发育结果，我们还讨论了栖息在苔藓中的跳甲虫的进化及其系统学的观点。我们的系统发育为各种跳甲虫属之间的关系提供了新的见解。我们估计六个主要进化枝将大多数研究属分组，并提出了几个新的属组。除了我们的系统发育结果，我们还讨论了栖息在苔藓中的跳甲虫的进化及其系统学的观点。