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Effects of in ovo delivered xylo- and mannan- oligosaccharides on growth performance, intestinal immunity, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and cecal microbiota of broilers
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-08 , DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00666-z
Amit Kumar Singh 1 , Utsav Prakash Tiwari 1 , Birendra Mishra 1 , Rajesh Jha 1
Affiliation  

This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo- and mannan- oligosaccharides (XOS and MOS) differing in the degree of polymerization. A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups: i) normal saline control (NSC), ii) xylotriose (XOS3), iii) xylotetraose (XOS4), iv) mannotriose (MOS3), v) mannotetraose (MOS4), and vi) no injection control (NIC), each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate. On d 17 of incubation, 3 mg of oligosaccharides (except for controls) dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs. After hatch, the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum, and samples were collected periodically. The hatchability, growth performance, and relative weights of breast, drumstick, liver, and proventriculus were not different among the treatments (P > 0.05). The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups (P < 0.05). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day (P < 0.01) but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28 (P > 0.05). On the hatch day, the expression level of the CD3 gene (a T cell marker) was increased by XOS3, while the IL-10 gene (a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine) was reduced by MOS4 (P < 0.05) compared with both controls. Compared with both controls, XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10 (P = 0.074). No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7 (P > 0.05), except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC (P < 0.05). The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and had more differentially abundant taxa, including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae (P < 0.05) than both controls on d 28. The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3 group compared with both controls (P < 0.05). The effects of these XOS and MOS on ileal mucosa and immunity are transient, but the effects on fermentation and cecal microbiota are prolonged, and further research is warranted to determine their use as a gut health promoter in poultry.

中文翻译:

卵内递送木寡糖和甘露寡糖对肉鸡生长性能、肠道免疫、盲肠短链脂肪酸和盲肠微生物群的影响

本研究调查了一种新的卵内饲喂策略,以确定聚合度不同的木糖和甘露寡糖(XOS 和 MOS)的益生元效应。将总共​​ 192 个受精卵分为 6 个处理组:i) 生理盐水对照 (NSC),ii) 木三糖 (XOS3),iii) 木四糖 (XOS4),iv) 甘露三糖 (MOS3),v) 甘露四糖 (MOS4), vi) 无注射控制 (NIC),每个包含 4 个重复托盘,每个重复 8 个鸡蛋。在孵化第 17 天,将溶解在 0.5 mL 0.85% 生理盐水中的 3 mg 寡糖(对照除外)注射到 Cobb 500 肉鸡的羊膜中。孵化后,雏鸡在标准饲养方式下饲养 28 天,并随意饲喂商品肉鸡饲料,并定期收集样品。孵化率,生长性能和乳房、鸡腿、肝脏和胃腺的相对重量在处理间没有差异(P > 0.05)。与两个对照组相比,XOS3 注射液在第 28 天增加了总的短链脂肪酸产量(P < 0.05)。XOS4 组的绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比率在孵化日显着高于两个对照组(P < 0.01),但在第 7 天和第 28 天的任何处理之间没有差异(P > 0.05)。在孵化当天,CD3基因(一种T细胞标志物)的表达水平被XOS3增加,而IL-10基因(一种抗炎细胞因子的标志物)被MOS4降低(P < 0.05),与两者相比控制。与两个对照相比,XOS3 显示出 IL-10 减少的趋势(P = 0.074)。除了 XOS4 与 NSC 相比,IL-4 增加(P < 0.05)外,第 7 天的处理没有影响细胞因子或淋巴细胞标志物(P > 0.05)。MOS4 组的肉鸡在第 28 天具有更高的操作分类单位 (OTU) 和更多差异丰富的分类群,包括乳杆菌目和明串珠菌科 (P < 0.05)。预测功能分析表明亚油酸代谢途径与两个对照组相比,XOS3 组的盲肠微生物群中富集(P < 0.05)。这些 XOS 和 MOS 对回肠黏膜和免疫的影响是短暂的,但对发酵和盲肠微生物群的影响是长期的,有必要进一步研究以确定它们作为家禽肠道健康促进剂的用途。除了 XOS4 比 NSC 增加 IL-4 (P < 0.05)。MOS4 组的肉鸡在第 28 天具有更高的操作分类单位 (OTU) 和更多差异丰富的分类群,包括乳杆菌目和明串珠菌科 (P < 0.05)。预测功能分析表明亚油酸代谢途径与两个对照组相比,XOS3 组的盲肠微生物群中富集(P < 0.05)。这些 XOS 和 MOS 对回肠黏膜和免疫的影响是短暂的,但对发酵和盲肠微生物群的影响是长期的,有必要进一步研究以确定它们作为家禽肠道健康促进剂的用途。除了 XOS4 比 NSC 增加 IL-4 (P < 0.05)。MOS4 组的肉鸡在第 28 天具有更高的操作分类单位 (OTU) 和更多差异丰富的分类群,包括乳杆菌目和明串珠菌科 (P < 0.05)。预测功能分析表明亚油酸代谢途径与两个对照组相比,XOS3 组的盲肠微生物群中富集(P < 0.05)。这些 XOS 和 MOS 对回肠黏膜和免疫的影响是短暂的,但对发酵和盲肠微生物群的影响是长期的,有必要进一步研究以确定它们作为家禽肠道健康促进剂的用途。在第 28 天,包括乳酸杆菌目和明串珠科(P < 0.05),均高于对照组。预测功能分析表明,与对照组相比,XOS3 组的盲肠微生物群中亚油酸代谢途径富集(P < 0.05)。这些 XOS 和 MOS 对回肠黏膜和免疫的影响是短暂的,但对发酵和盲肠微生物群的影响是长期的,有必要进一步研究以确定它们作为家禽肠道健康促进剂的用途。在第 28 天,包括乳酸杆菌目和明串珠科(P < 0.05),均高于对照组。预测功能分析表明,与对照组相比,XOS3 组的盲肠微生物群中亚油酸代谢途径富集(P < 0.05)。这些 XOS 和 MOS 对回肠黏膜和免疫的影响是短暂的,但对发酵和盲肠微生物群的影响是长期的,有必要进一步研究以确定它们作为家禽肠道健康促进剂的用途。
更新日期:2022-02-09
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