Iran is in a serious freshwater shortage crisis because its major part is located in arid and semi-arid areas. This research evaluated the groundwater quality in terms of potable and irrigation uses in the wet and dry seasons in the Kazeroon plain, southern Iran. In this study, a total of 408 groundwater samples were gathered from 68 boreholes to measure water quality indices, such as acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), sulphate (SO₄²⁻), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺). Geographical information system technology was also applied to draw maps of spatial changes of water quality parameters. The results showed that groundwater quality indices had the minimum and maximum values of pH (6.9–8.6), EC (414–9,813 μmho cm⁻¹) and TDS (278–6,180), TH (175–3250), HCO₃⁻ (152–518), Cl⁻ (5–1950), SO₄²⁻ (17–2371), Ca²⁺ (30–681), Mg²⁺ (12–607), Na⁺ (1–1303) and K⁺ (0.8–18) (mg L⁻¹). Based on World Health Organization standards, the results indicated that all of the aquifer water in the plain except for the northern region was of poor and very poor quality for potable usages. Also, the United States Salinity Laboratory diagram showed that the groundwater quality is doubtful for irrigation. Therefore, the cultivation pattern in this plain should be switched towards salt-tolerant crops.

中文翻译：

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伊朗南部半干旱地区饮用水和灌溉用水的地下水质量评价

伊朗主要位于干旱和半干旱地区，因此面临严重的淡水短缺危机。这项研究评估了伊朗南部 Kazeroon 平原在雨季和旱季饮用和灌溉的地下水质量。本研究共从 68 个钻孔中采集 408 个地下水样品，用于测量水质指标，如酸度 (pH)、电导率 (EC)、总溶解固体 (TDS)、总硬度 (TH)、碳酸氢盐 (HCO) ₃ ^- )、氯化物 (Cl ^- )、硫酸盐 (SO ₄ ^2- )、钙 (Ca ²⁺ )、镁 (Mg ²⁺ )、钠 (Na ⁺ ) 和钾 (K ⁺）。还应用地理信息系统技术绘制水质参数空间变化图。结果表明，地下水质量指数的最小值和最大值分别为pH（6.9-8.6）、EC（414-9,813 μmho cm ^-1）和TDS（278-6,180）、TH（175-3250）、HCO ₃ ^- ( 152–518)、Cl ^- (5–1950)、SO ₄ ^2– (17–2371)、Ca ²⁺ (30–681)、Mg ²⁺ (12–607)、Na ⁺ (1–1303) 和 K ⁺ (0.8–18) (mg L ^-1）。根据世界卫生组织的标准，结果表明，除北部地区外，平原地区的所有含水层水的饮用水质量都很差，甚至非常差。此外，美国盐度实验室的图表显示，地下水的质量对于灌溉来说是值得怀疑的。因此，这片平原的种植模式应转向耐盐作物。