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The Macrobiotus ariekammensis species complex provides evidence for parallel evolution of claw elongation in macrobiotid tardigrades
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 , DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab101
Daniel Stec 1, 2 , Katarzyna Vončina 1 , Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen 3 , Łukasz Michalczyk 1
Affiliation  

The recent integrative revision of the family Macrobiotidae demonstrated monophyly of the genus Macrobiotus and its complex, mosaic morphological evolution. Here, we analyse three Macrobiotus populations that exhibit extraordinary claw morphology characterized by elongated primary branches. Two of these populations, from the Arctic, were initially classified as Macrobiotus ariekammensis, but detailed integrative analyses resulted in splitting them into two subspecies: Macrobiotus ariekammensis ariekammensis and Macrobiotus ariekammensis groenlandicus subsp. nov.. The third population was Macrobiotus kirghizicus from Kyrgyzstan. Given the unusual phenotype of the above-mentioned taxa, we tested whether they constitute a distinct lineage in the family Macrobiotidae and could be delineated as a new genus. Although the phylogenetic investigation showed that the three taxa form a monophyletic group, the clade is nested in the genus Macrobiotus. Therefore, despite their morphological distinctiveness, a new genus cannot be established and we group these taxa in the Macrobiotus ariekammensis species complex instead. The complex includes the three above-mentioned taxa and Macrobiotus ramoli, which is included based on morphological characters. Moreover, our results provide evidence for rapid parallel evolution of long claws in macrobiotid tardigrades inhabiting cold and icy environments. Finally, we discuss the validity of the recent suppression of the genus Xerobiotus, which gathers macrobiotids with reduced claws.

中文翻译:

Macrobiotus ariekammensis 物种复合体为大型缓步动物爪伸长的平行进化提供了证据

最近对Macrobiotidae科的综合修订证明了Macrobiotus属的单一性及其复杂的镶嵌形态进化。在这里,我们分析了三个 Macrobiotus 种群,它们表现出以细长的初级分支为特征的非凡爪形形态。其中两个来自北极的种群最初被归类为 Macrobiotus ariekammensis,但详细的综合分析导致将它们分成两个亚种:Macrobiotus ariekammensis ariekammensis 和 Macrobiotus ariekammensis groenlandicus subsp。nov.. 第三个种群是来自吉尔吉斯斯坦的 Macrobiotus kirghizicus。鉴于上述分类群的不寻常表型,我们测试了它们是否在 Macrobiotidae 家族中构成一个独特的谱系,并且可以被划定为一个新属。虽然系统发育调查表明这三个分类群形成一个单系群,但进化枝嵌套在 Macrobiotus 属中。因此,尽管它们在形态上具有独特性,但无法建立一个新属,我们将这些分类群归类为 Macrobiotus ariekammensis 物种复合体。该复合体包括上述三个分类群和Macrobiotus ramoli,根据形态特征包括在内。此外,我们的研究结果为栖息在寒冷和冰冷环境中的大型缓步动物中长爪的快速平行进化提供了证据。最后,我们讨论了最近对 Xerobiotus 属的抑制的有效性,该属以减少的爪子聚集大型生物。尽管它们的形态独特,但无法建立一个新属,我们将这些分类群归类为 Macrobiotus ariekammensis 物种复合体。该复合体包括上述三个分类群和Macrobiotus ramoli,根据形态特征包括在内。此外,我们的研究结果为栖息在寒冷和冰冷环境中的大型缓步动物中长爪的快速平行进化提供了证据。最后,我们讨论了最近对 Xerobiotus 属的抑制的有效性,该属以减少的爪子聚集大型生物。尽管它们的形态独特,但无法建立一个新属,我们将这些分类群归类为 Macrobiotus ariekammensis 物种复合体。该复合体包括上述三个分类群和Macrobiotus ramoli,根据形态特征包括在内。此外,我们的研究结果为栖息在寒冷和冰冷环境中的大型缓步动物中长爪的快速平行进化提供了证据。最后,我们讨论了最近对 Xerobiotus 属的抑制的有效性,该属以减少的爪子聚集大型生物。我们的研究结果为栖息在寒冷和冰冷环境中的大型缓步动物中长爪的快速平行进化提供了证据。最后,我们讨论了最近对 Xerobiotus 属的抑制的有效性,该属以减少的爪子聚集大型生物。我们的研究结果为栖息在寒冷和冰冷环境中的大型缓步动物中长爪的快速平行进化提供了证据。最后,我们讨论了最近对 Xerobiotus 属的抑制的有效性,该属以减少的爪子聚集大型生物。
更新日期:2021-10-19
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