Cell identity and function largely rely on the programming of transcriptomes during development and differentiation. Signature gene expression programs are orchestrated by regulatory circuits consisting of cis-acting promoters and enhancers, which respond to a plethora of cues via the action of transcription factors. In turn, transcription factors direct epigenetic modifications to revise chromatin landscapes, and drive contacts between distal promoter-enhancer combinations. In immune cells, regulatory circuits for effector genes are especially complex and flexible, utilizing distinct sets of transcription factors and enhancers, depending on the cues each cell type receives during an infection, after sensing cellular damage, or upon encountering a tumor. Here, we review major players in the coordination of gene regulatory programs within innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as integrative omics approaches that can be leveraged to decipher their underlying circuitry.

中文翻译：

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先天性和适应性免疫细胞中的基因调控电路

细胞身份和功能很大程度上依赖于发育和分化过程中转录组的编程。特征基因表达程序是由顺式作用启动子和增强子组成的调节电路精心策划的，它们通过转录因子的作用对大量线索做出反应。反过来，转录因子引导表观遗传修饰来修改染色质景观，并驱动远端启动子-增强子组合之间的接触。在免疫细胞中，效应基因的调节回路特别复杂和灵活，利用不同的转录因子和增强子组，具体取决于每种细胞类型在感染期间、感知细胞损伤后或遇到肿瘤时收到的线索。在这里，我们回顾了先天性和适应性免疫细胞内基因调控程序协调的主要参与者，以及可用于破译其潜在电路的综合组学方法。