[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 123(4) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2023-02979-001). In the error, the Study 2 heading Computational Mode of Learning should instead appear as Computational Model of Learning. All versions of this article have been corrected.] How do humans learn, through social interaction, whom to depend on in different situations? We compared the extent to which inferred trait attributes-as opposed to learned reward associations previously examined as part of feedback-based learning-could adaptively inform cross-context social decision-making. In four experiments, participants completed a novel task in which they chose to "hire" other players to solve math and verbal questions for money. These players varied in their trait-level competence across these contexts and, independently, in the monetary rewards they offered to participants across contexts. Results revealed that participants chose partners primarily based on context-specific traits, as opposed to either global trait impressions or material rewards. When making choices in novel contexts-including determining who to choose for social and emotional support-participants generalized trait knowledge from past contexts that required similar traits. Reward-based learning, by contrast, demonstrated significantly weaker context-sensitivity and generalization. These findings suggest that people form context-dependent trait impressions from interactive feedback and use this knowledge to make flexible social decisions. These results support a novel theoretical account of how interaction-based social learning can support context-specific impression formation and adaptive decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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社交互动中依赖情境的学习：特质印象支持灵活的社交选择。

[更正通知：本文的勘误发表于《人格与社会心理学杂志》第 123(4) 卷（见记录 2023-02979-001）。在错误中，研究 2 标题计算学习模式应改为显示为计算学习模式。本文所有版本均已更正。] 人类如何通过社交互动学习在不同情况下依赖谁？我们比较了推断的特质属性——与之前作为基于反馈的学习的一部分检查的学习奖励关联——可以自适应地告知跨情境社会决策的程度。在四个实验中，参与者完成了一项新颖的任务，他们选择“雇用”其他玩家来解决数学和口头问题以赚钱。这些参与者在这些背景下的特质水平能力各不相同，并且独立地，他们在不同背景下为参与者提供的金钱奖励也各不相同。结果显示，参与者主要根据特定环境特征选择合作伙伴，而不是全局特征印象或物质奖励。在新环境中做出选择时——包括确定为社会和情感支持选择谁——参与者从过去需要相似特征的环境中概括出特征知识。相比之下，基于奖励的学习表现出明显较弱的上下文敏感性和泛化能力。这些研究结果表明，人们从互动反馈中形成了与情境相关的特质印象，并利用这些知识做出灵活的社会决策。这些结果支持了一种新颖的理论解释，即基于交互的社会学习如何支持特定环境的印象形成和适应性决策。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。